{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130701519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3666758","title":"GRASP-FL: A Closed-Loop Defence Framework Against Adaptive Backdoor Attacks in Federated Learning","display_name":"GRASP-FL: A Closed-Loop Defence Framework Against Adaptive Backdoor Attacks in Federated Learning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130701519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3666758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3666758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3666758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3666758","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126484844","display_name":"Ahmed Soliman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63601056","display_name":"Menoufia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05sjrb944","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Soliman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computer and Information Technology, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Menofia, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1475-5490","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computer and Information Technology, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Menofia, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125667163","display_name":"Khalid M. Amin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63601056","display_name":"Menoufia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05sjrb944","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalid M. Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computer and Information Technology, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Menofia, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9594-8827","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computer and Information Technology, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Menofia, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Noura Abd El-Moez Semary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4244-9546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63601056","display_name":"Menoufia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05sjrb944","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noura Abd El-Moez Semary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computer and Information Technology, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Menofia, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4244-9546","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computer and Information Technology, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Menofia, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002752653","display_name":"Hayam Mousa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63601056","display_name":"Menoufia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05sjrb944","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayam Mousa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computer and Information Technology, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Menofia, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computer and Information Technology, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Menofia, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":10.3239,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96610425,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"38816","last_page":"38838"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.7760000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.7760000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.16380000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backdoor","display_name":"Backdoor","score":0.8841999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7226999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.6717000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.660099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.44110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.436599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.40220001339912415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254569","display_name":"Backdoor","level":2,"score":0.8841999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7226999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.6717000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.660099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5353000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.44110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.436599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.40220001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.3804999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79719","display_name":"License","level":2,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23130292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275358","display_name":"Differential privacy","level":2,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78780964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233193","display_name":"Position paper","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601463","display_name":"SAFER","level":2,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125014702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680749","display_name":"Adaptive learning","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.2662999927997589}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3666758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3666758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a8e486e4b03a40b0bc54837b05afc96a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a8e486e4b03a40b0bc54837b05afc96a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 38816-38838 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3666758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3666758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6577223539352417,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0],"Learning":[1],"(FL)":[2],"enables":[3],"decentralised":[4],"model":[5],"training":[6],"without":[7,95],"sharing":[8],"raw":[9],"data,":[10,99],"but":[11],"remains":[12],"highly":[13],"vulnerable":[14],"to":[15,97,129,136],"adaptive":[16,69],"backdoor":[17],"attacks":[18,117],"that":[19,39],"embed":[20],"hidden":[21],"triggers":[22],"while":[23],"maintaining":[24],"high":[25],"accuracy":[26,127],"on":[27,110,153],"clean":[28,126],"data.":[29],"This":[30],"paper":[31],"presents":[32],"GRASP-FL,":[33],"a":[34,173],"robust":[35],"closed-loop":[36,166],"defence":[37,178],"framework":[38],"addresses":[40],"evolving":[41],"threats":[42],"in":[43,183],"realistic":[44],"non-IID":[45],"FL":[46],"environments.":[47],"GRASP-FL":[48,93,171],"integrates":[49],"four":[50],"coordinated":[51],"modules:":[52],"(1)":[53],"<italic":[54,64,72,84],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[55,65,73,85],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">anchor-free":[56],"geometric":[57,157],"screening</i>":[58],"via":[59],"principal":[60],"angle":[61],"divergence;":[62],"(2)":[63],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">reputation-aware":[66],"aggregation</i>":[67],"with":[68],"trimming;":[70],"(3)":[71],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">layer-wise":[74],"sanitisation":[75],"combining</i>":[76],"adversarial":[77,120],"pruning":[78],"and":[79,82,113,118,139,162,176,190],"differential":[80],"privacy;":[81],"(4)":[83],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">GAN-guided":[86],"feedback":[87],"adaptation</i>":[88],"for":[89,179],"dynamic":[90],"reconfiguration.":[91],"Crucially,":[92],"operates":[94],"access":[96],"client":[98],"trusted":[100],"infrastructure,":[101],"or":[102],"ground-truth":[103],"labels,":[104],"ensuring":[105],"privacy-preserving":[106,177],"operation.":[107],"Comprehensive":[108],"evaluations":[109],"CIFAR-10,":[111],"FEMNIST,":[112],"MNIST":[114],"including":[115],"intermittent":[116],"varying":[119],"strengths":[121],"(10%\u201330%":[122],"malicious":[123,160],"clients)":[124],"demonstrate":[125],"up":[128],"97.25%,":[130],"suppression":[131],"of":[132,159,164],"attack":[133],"success":[134],"rates":[135,142],"below":[137],"10%,":[138],"false":[140],"positive":[141],"under":[143,155],"5%,":[144],"outperforming":[145],"state-of-the-art":[146],"baselines.":[147],"Theoretical":[148],"analysis":[149],"establishes":[150],"formal":[151],"guarantees":[152],"convergence":[154],"poisoning,":[156],"separability":[158],"activations,":[161],"stability":[163],"the":[165],"adaptation.":[167],"These":[168],"results":[169],"position":[170],"as":[172,187],"practical,":[174],"scalable,":[175],"federated":[180],"learning":[181],"deployments":[182],"security-critical":[184],"domains":[185],"such":[186],"healthcare,":[188],"finance,":[189],"autonomous":[191],"systems.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2026-02-21T00:00:00"}
