{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130399361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3666117","title":"AI-Assisted Diagnosis of Neonatal Ear Anomalies Using ResNet50 CBAM and CNN Transformer Models","display_name":"AI-Assisted Diagnosis of Neonatal Ear Anomalies Using ResNet50 CBAM and CNN Transformer Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130399361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3666117"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3666117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3666117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3666117","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126357273","display_name":"Syed Mohsin Bokhari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173207729","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Taxila","ror":"https://ror.org/03v00ka07","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Mohsin Bokhari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Taxila, Taxila, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5888-4163","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Taxila, Taxila, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101965951","display_name":"Muhammad Shafi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Shafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8430-206X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036023336","display_name":"Fazal Noor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0096-3435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151290","display_name":"Islamic University of Madinah","ror":"https://ror.org/03rcp1y74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fazal Noor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer and Information Systems (FCIS), Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0096-3435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer and Information Systems (FCIS), Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Abdullah Alshanqiti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6080-5236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151290","display_name":"Islamic University of Madinah","ror":"https://ror.org/03rcp1y74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Alshanqiti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer and Information Systems (FCIS), Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6080-5236","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer and Information Systems (FCIS), Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077728493","display_name":"Saad Alqahtany","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151290","display_name":"Islamic University of Madinah","ror":"https://ror.org/03rcp1y74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saad Alqahtany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer and Information Systems (FCIS), Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer and Information Systems (FCIS), Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050206092","display_name":"Tazar Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6380-5584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tazar Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6380-5584","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18781117,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"30997","last_page":"31011"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11866","display_name":"Reconstructive Facial Surgery Techniques","score":0.92330002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11866","display_name":"Reconstructive Facial Surgery Techniques","score":0.92330002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10861","display_name":"Ear Surgery and Otitis Media","score":0.032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2733","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.02239999920129776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5633999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4771000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.45559999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43619999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.3767000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.3400999903678894}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6873999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5633999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4771000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.45559999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43619999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.3767000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.3400999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33480000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3666117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3666117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/aebbd7f5-9ac8-4efd-90ab-130ef7307dbc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/aebbd7f5-9ac8-4efd-90ab-130ef7307dbc","pdf_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/ws/files/238900935/IEEE_Published_Access.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402454","display_name":"Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","host_organization_name":"University of Ulster","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bokhari, S M, Shafi, M, Noor, F, Alshanqiti, A, Alqahtany, S & Hussain, T 2026, 'AI-Assisted Diagnosis of Neonatal Ear Anomalies Using ResNet50 CBAM and CNN Transformer Models', IEEE Access, vol. 14, pp. 30997-31011. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3666117","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3666117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3666117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5718517899513245,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331150","display_name":"Islamic University of Madinah","ror":"https://ror.org/03rcp1y74"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Early":[0],"detection":[1],"of":[2,38,113,119,153,158,163,173,179,189,196,205,214],"congenital":[3],"auricular":[4,39],"deformity":[5,82,256],"in":[6,142],"infants":[7],"is":[8],"essential":[9],"for":[10,34,261],"early":[11,270],"medical":[12],"intervention,":[13,271],"as":[14,181,183],"late":[15],"diagnosis":[16],"would":[17],"have":[18],"long":[19],"term":[20],"psychosocial":[21],"impacts":[22],"and":[23,48,68,160,175,199,225,231,238,249,275],"facial":[24],"asymmetry.":[25],"This":[26],"study":[27],"introduces":[28],"two":[29],"deep":[30],"learning":[31,72,239],"based":[32],"architectures":[33],"the":[35,77,117,120,128,166,184,194,197,236,243],"automated":[36],"classification":[37,143,151],"deformities:":[40],"a":[41,49,53,123,150,246],"hybrid":[42],"Convolutional":[43,54],"Neural":[44],"Network":[45],"Transformer":[46],"(CNNT)":[47],"new":[50],"ResNet50":[51,62,146],"with":[52,127],"Block":[55],"Attention":[56],"Module":[57],"(ResNet50":[58],"CBAM).":[59],"The":[60,145,207],"novel":[61],"CBAM":[63,147],"architecture":[64],"efficiently":[65],"facilitates":[66],"spatial":[67],"channel":[69],"wise":[70],"feature":[71],"using":[73],"attention":[74],"mechanisms,":[75],"allowing":[76],"model":[78,148,198],"to":[79,252,268],"focus":[80],"on":[81,94,219],"specific":[83],"regions":[84],"while":[85],"eliminating":[86],"irrelevant":[87],"background":[88],"noise.":[89],"Comprehensive":[90],"experiments":[91],"were":[92],"conducted":[93],"BabyEar4k,":[95],"an":[96,155,161,171,176],"expert":[97],"annotated,":[98],"publicly":[99],"released":[100],"dataset":[101],"containing":[102],"3,852":[103],"high":[104],"resolution":[105],"ear":[106,255],"images":[107],"across":[108,203],"five":[109],"clinically":[110],"relevant":[111],"classes":[112,204],"deformities.":[114],"To":[115],"substantiate":[116],"effectiveness":[118],"proposed":[121,132,208],"approach,":[122],"comparison":[124],"was":[125],"drawn":[126],"current":[129],"state-of-the-art":[130],"scheme":[131],"by":[133],"Liu":[134],"Jie":[135],"Ren":[136],"et":[137],"al.,":[138],"showing":[139],"significant":[140],"strides":[141],"performance.":[144],"achieved":[149],"accuracy":[152,172],"96.25%,":[154],"F1":[156,177,187],"score":[157,178,188],"0.9576,":[159],"AUC-ROC":[162],"0.984,":[164],"outperforming":[165],"CNNT":[167],"model,":[168],"which":[169],"reached":[170],"93.97%":[174],"0.9395,":[180],"well":[182],"benchmark":[185],"baseline":[186],"0.832.":[190],"These":[191],"results":[192],"highlight":[193],"robustness":[195],"its":[200],"generalization":[201],"capability":[202],"deformity.":[206],"framework":[209],"addresses":[210],"some":[211],"crucial":[212],"shortcomings":[213],"previous":[215],"works,":[216],"including":[217],"reliance":[218],"binary":[220],"classification,":[221],"insufficient":[222],"subtype":[223],"granularity,":[224],"inadequate":[226],"preprocessing.":[227],"Employing":[228],"BM3D-based":[229],"denoising":[230],"SMOTE-based":[232],"class":[233],"balancing":[234],"enhances":[235],"quality":[237],"efficiency.":[240],"In":[241],"all,":[242],"methodology":[244],"presents":[245],"straightforward,":[247],"accurate,":[248],"scalable":[250],"approach":[251],"AI-based":[253],"neonatal":[254],"screening,":[257],"offering":[258],"substantial":[259],"potential":[260],"wide":[262],"integration":[263],"into":[264],"clinical":[265],"decision-support":[266],"systems":[267],"facilitate":[269],"decrease":[272],"professional":[273],"workload,":[274],"improve":[276],"overall":[277],"pediatric":[278],"outcomes.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2026-02-19T00:00:00"}