{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7129403670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3665822","title":"A Long Short Term Memory Network-Based False Data Injection Cyberattack Detection and Mitigation in DC Microgrids","display_name":"A Long Short Term Memory Network-Based False Data Injection Cyberattack Detection and Mitigation in DC Microgrids","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7129403670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3665822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3665822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3665822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3665822","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036349565","display_name":"A. Heikal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdelrahman S. Heikal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Physics and Mathematics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Physics and Mathematics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080963866","display_name":"Ibrahim Mohamed Diaaeldin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Mohamed Diaaeldin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Physics and Mathematics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8720-4780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Physics and Mathematics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039036692","display_name":"Niveen Badra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8831-0577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niveen M. Badra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Physics and Mathematics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Physics and Mathematics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108555510","display_name":"Mahmoud Attia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud A. Attia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Power and Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-7434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Power and Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126182209","display_name":"Othman A. M. Omar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Othman Ahmed M. Omar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Physics and Mathematics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9496-6487","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Physics and Mathematics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060783551","display_name":"Ahmed H. EL-Ebiary","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Haitham El-Ebiary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Power and Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7306-8482","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Power and Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018214137","display_name":"Hyun\u2010Soo Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4333-2852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyun-Soo Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4333-2852","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036349565"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30010678,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"39742","last_page":"39765"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9521999955177307,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9521999955177307,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-short-term-memory","display_name":"Long short term memory","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5034999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.47859999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.46320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.460099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedforward-neural-network","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","score":0.436599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-forward","display_name":"Feed forward","score":0.3962000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.39430001378059387}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8104000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133488467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6673524","display_name":"Long short term memory","level":4,"score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5034999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.47859999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.46320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.460099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47702885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441227","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","level":3,"score":0.436599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38858127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441228","display_name":"Feed forward","level":2,"score":0.3962000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.39430001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3862999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.36070001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781163877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370607","display_name":"High-voltage direct current","level":4,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3665822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3665822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:04475dbe1bbe411781dd513e42b45a3a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/04475dbe1bbe411781dd513e42b45a3a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 39742-39765 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3665822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3665822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8912521600723267}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1606499049","https://openalex.org/W2056080625","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2548657977","https://openalex.org/W2613878734","https://openalex.org/W2893387339","https://openalex.org/W3005641657","https://openalex.org/W3007775060","https://openalex.org/W3160619166","https://openalex.org/W3170147864","https://openalex.org/W3208754283","https://openalex.org/W4225993797","https://openalex.org/W4283747666","https://openalex.org/W4306947930","https://openalex.org/W4309771115","https://openalex.org/W4311720285","https://openalex.org/W4312139907","https://openalex.org/W4321354397","https://openalex.org/W4376470225","https://openalex.org/W4383065642","https://openalex.org/W4383552202","https://openalex.org/W4386715489","https://openalex.org/W4387885944","https://openalex.org/W4401751751","https://openalex.org/W4401889742","https://openalex.org/W4402901784","https://openalex.org/W4405513282","https://openalex.org/W4406932967","https://openalex.org/W4407574985","https://openalex.org/W4407941379","https://openalex.org/W4408164399","https://openalex.org/W4408282080","https://openalex.org/W4408697398","https://openalex.org/W4409571669","https://openalex.org/W4411782313"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrating":[0],"more":[1],"renewable":[2],"energy":[3],"sources":[4],"into":[5],"DC":[6],"microgrids":[7],"necessitates":[8],"the":[9,76,93,103,105,108,122,127,153],"addition":[10],"of":[11,126,139,167],"control":[12],"layers":[13],"and":[14,31,56,80,114,124,143],"communication":[15],"channels,":[16],"which":[17],"can":[18],"introduce":[19],"vulnerabilities":[20],"to":[21,53,61,74,129,141],"cyberattacks.":[22,130],"This":[23],"paper":[24],"presents":[25],"an":[26,44,137],"AI-based":[27],"approach":[28,42,106],"for":[29],"detecting":[30],"countering":[32],"False":[33],"Data":[34],"Injection":[35],"Attacks":[36],"(FDIAs)":[37],"in":[38],"these":[39],"systems.":[40],"The":[41,88],"uses":[43],"Artificial":[45],"Neural":[46],"Network":[47],"(ANN),":[48],"specifically":[49],"feedforward":[50],"neural":[51],"networks,":[52],"identify":[54],"FDIAs":[55],"classify":[57],"them":[58],"as":[59],"related":[60],"current":[62,86,145,169],"or":[63,85],"voltage.":[64],"Additionally,":[65],"a":[66,159],"Long":[67],"Short-Term":[68],"Memory":[69],"(LSTM)":[70],"network":[71],"is":[72],"employed":[73],"mitigate":[75],"attacks":[77,135,146],"by":[78,118],"inferring":[79],"filtering":[81],"out":[82],"false":[83,154,168],"voltage":[84,134,155],"measurements.":[87],"method":[89],"was":[90],"validated":[91],"on":[92,110],"Distributed":[94],"Generator":[95],"Unit":[96],"(DGU)":[97],"system":[98],"using":[99],"MATLAB/Simulink.":[100],"To":[101],"enhance":[102],"accuracy,":[104],"considers":[107],"impact":[109],"all":[111],"grid":[112],"lines":[113],"measurement":[115],"points,":[116],"supported":[117],"statistical":[119],"analyses":[120],"demonstrating":[121],"convergence":[123],"effectiveness":[125],"response":[128],"ANN":[131],"successfully":[132,151],"detected":[133],"with":[136,147,158],"accuracy":[138,161],"93%":[140],"99%":[142,148],"identified":[144],"accuracy.":[149],"LSTM":[150,163],"overcame":[152],"injection":[156,170],"attack":[157],"99.6%":[160],"rate.":[162],"effectively":[164],"mitigates":[165],"90%":[166],"attacks.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2026-02-18T00:00:00"}