{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7129472963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3665657","title":"A Survey on Graph Neural Networks","display_name":"A Survey on Graph Neural Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7129472963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3665657"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3665657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3665657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3665657","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xinyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1751-3498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1751-3498","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101872574","display_name":"Shengrong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1463-775X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengrong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1463-775X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126178558","display_name":"Haoran Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoran Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0868-9554","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Peiliang Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-3145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiliang Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-3145","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124966766","display_name":"Jiahua Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155873","display_name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/058xdtn86","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699","https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210132349","https://openalex.org/I4210155873","https://openalex.org/I56590836","https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahua Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-0081","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802","https://openalex.org/I4210155873"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126249138","display_name":"Jun Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9403-7140","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010248697","display_name":"Chunwei Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6058-5077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunwei Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6058-5077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126246473","display_name":"Daoqiang Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daoqiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5658-7643","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126182032","display_name":"Qi Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5497-9478","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":43.3762,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99570492,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"27491","last_page":"27512"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9732000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9732000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4968000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.40880000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.36809998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-research","display_name":"Open research","score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.31850001215934753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.755299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4968000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.47029998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.40880000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.36809998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778464652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849","display_name":"Open research","level":2,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116409475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385056","display_name":"External Data Representation","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106937863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236518","display_name":"Power graph analysis","level":3,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112953755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739462","display_name":"Graph drawing","level":3,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987255567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33002955","display_name":"Knowledge graph","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56397880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044094","display_name":"Intelligent decision support system","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3665657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3665657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3665657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3665657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2320048606","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFF1204803","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5293734332","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62076129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7869937607","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62136004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G85760107","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371234","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8888005676","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20231438","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":165,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008857988","https://openalex.org/W2046253692","https://openalex.org/W2153959628","https://openalex.org/W2604314403","https://openalex.org/W2756203131","https://openalex.org/W2887092413","https://openalex.org/W2892880750","https://openalex.org/W2903871660","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2985331920","https://openalex.org/W3000120900","https://openalex.org/W3123909522","https://openalex.org/W3135116819","https://openalex.org/W3148711710","https://openalex.org/W3152893301","https://openalex.org/W3161851957","https://openalex.org/W3169752883","https://openalex.org/W3173220653","https://openalex.org/W3188579603","https://openalex.org/W3196261868","https://openalex.org/W3196686803","https://openalex.org/W3198399091","https://openalex.org/W3200705513","https://openalex.org/W3200804773","https://openalex.org/W3203679094","https://openalex.org/W4200125619","https://openalex.org/W4205843699","https://openalex.org/W4206241865","https://openalex.org/W4210541032","https://openalex.org/W4210607727","https://openalex.org/W4212876221","https://openalex.org/W4213445612","https://openalex.org/W4220788456","https://openalex.org/W4280602833","https://openalex.org/W4281686206","https://openalex.org/W4281746744","https://openalex.org/W4282968465","https://openalex.org/W4283716944","https://openalex.org/W4283793059","https://openalex.org/W4285183933","https://openalex.org/W4285378361","https://openalex.org/W4285606073","https://openalex.org/W4290876361","https://openalex.org/W4291034555","https://openalex.org/W4292263718","https://openalex.org/W4293686623","https://openalex.org/W4295760561","https://openalex.org/W4296044817","https://openalex.org/W4303987227","https://openalex.org/W4306316920","https://openalex.org/W4306317501","https://openalex.org/W4306830375","https://openalex.org/W4307342518","https://openalex.org/W4308052494","https://openalex.org/W4309667870","https://openalex.org/W4309721822","https://openalex.org/W4312307693","https://openalex.org/W4312331995","https://openalex.org/W4312645761","https://openalex.org/W4312744661","https://openalex.org/W4313648745","https://openalex.org/W4318563497","https://openalex.org/W4319264941","https://openalex.org/W4320005535","https://openalex.org/W4321227311","https://openalex.org/W4321276816","https://openalex.org/W4321479940","https://openalex.org/W4324332956","https://openalex.org/W4367047461","https://openalex.org/W4367146865","https://openalex.org/W4376864968","https://openalex.org/W4377142636","https://openalex.org/W4379374111","https://openalex.org/W4380091476","https://openalex.org/W4380870591","https://openalex.org/W4382464116","https://openalex.org/W4384276699","https://openalex.org/W4384575265","https://openalex.org/W4384655772","https://openalex.org/W4385349668","https://openalex.org/W4385567920","https://openalex.org/W4385568027","https://openalex.org/W4385597355","https://openalex.org/W4385636751","https://openalex.org/W4385764404","https://openalex.org/W4385768164","https://openalex.org/W4386104498","https://openalex.org/W4386280852","https://openalex.org/W4387267013","https://openalex.org/W4387398127","https://openalex.org/W4387717670","https://openalex.org/W4387967270","https://openalex.org/W4387967983","https://openalex.org/W4388508678","https://openalex.org/W4388544049","https://openalex.org/W4389166781","https://openalex.org/W4390224413","https://openalex.org/W4390317709","https://openalex.org/W4390699737","https://openalex.org/W4390906246","https://openalex.org/W4390960149","https://openalex.org/W4391582828","https://openalex.org/W4391640608","https://openalex.org/W4391661565","https://openalex.org/W4391753841","https://openalex.org/W4392172738","https://openalex.org/W4392244941","https://openalex.org/W4392903220","https://openalex.org/W4392948297","https://openalex.org/W4393159755","https://openalex.org/W4393379619","https://openalex.org/W4393407116","https://openalex.org/W4393972734","https://openalex.org/W4394593199","https://openalex.org/W4394717709","https://openalex.org/W4394842008","https://openalex.org/W4394907732","https://openalex.org/W4396669598","https://openalex.org/W4396757514","https://openalex.org/W4396834621","https://openalex.org/W4399142722","https://openalex.org/W4399357024","https://openalex.org/W4399377402","https://openalex.org/W4399422630","https://openalex.org/W4399850329","https://openalex.org/W4400310044","https://openalex.org/W4400392117","https://openalex.org/W4400702846","https://openalex.org/W4401285524","https://openalex.org/W4401358030","https://openalex.org/W4401857056","https://openalex.org/W4402054699","https://openalex.org/W4402187046","https://openalex.org/W4402192457","https://openalex.org/W4402389251","https://openalex.org/W4402509145","https://openalex.org/W4402655210","https://openalex.org/W4402753495","https://openalex.org/W4402757266","https://openalex.org/W4403004898","https://openalex.org/W4403582526","https://openalex.org/W4403722135","https://openalex.org/W4403758927","https://openalex.org/W4403905466","https://openalex.org/W4405693958","https://openalex.org/W4405850302","https://openalex.org/W4406063223","https://openalex.org/W4406085173","https://openalex.org/W4406387918","https://openalex.org/W4407772698","https://openalex.org/W4407777876","https://openalex.org/W4408023769","https://openalex.org/W4408073979","https://openalex.org/W4408399705","https://openalex.org/W4408402830","https://openalex.org/W4409010179","https://openalex.org/W4409364401","https://openalex.org/W4409365994","https://openalex.org/W4409882857","https://openalex.org/W4411799310","https://openalex.org/W4414856514","https://openalex.org/W4415120361","https://openalex.org/W4415795228","https://openalex.org/W7103751349"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Graph":[0],"Neural":[1],"Networks":[2],"(GNNs)":[3],"have":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,71,82,92],"fundamental":[8],"class":[9],"of":[10,76,95,119],"models":[11],"for":[12],"analyzing":[13,102],"graph-structured":[14],"data,":[15,32],"with":[16,81,137],"broad":[17],"applications":[18,118],"spanning":[19],"social":[20],"networks,":[21],"computational":[22],"neuroscience,":[23],"and":[24,44,61,73,101,110,124,135],"intelligent":[25],"transportation":[26],"systems.":[27],"In":[28],"contrast":[29],"to":[30,38,149],"Euclidean":[31],"graphs":[33],"pose":[34],"distinctive":[35],"challenges":[36,128],"due":[37],"their":[39],"irregular":[40],"topology,":[41],"permutation":[42],"invariance,":[43],"multi-scale":[45],"nature.":[46],"GNNs":[47,120],"address":[48],"these":[49],"issues":[50],"through":[51],"message-passing":[52],"mechanisms":[53],"that":[54],"facilitate":[55],"efficient":[56],"representation":[57,155],"learning":[58],"by":[59,144],"propagating":[60],"aggregating":[62],"node-level":[63],"information":[64],"across":[65,105],"the":[66,96],"network.":[67],"This":[68],"survey":[69],"offers":[70],"timely":[72],"systematic":[74],"review":[75,114],"recent":[77],"progress":[78],"in":[79,121,129,153],"GNNs,":[80],"particular":[83],"focus":[84],"on":[85],"methodological":[86],"advances":[87],"since":[88],"2022.":[89],"We":[90,142],"provide":[91],"structured":[93],"synthesis":[94],"rapidly":[97],"expanding":[98],"literature,":[99],"categorizing":[100],"key":[103],"innovations":[104],"architectural":[106],"design,":[107],"optimization":[108],"strategies,":[109],"structural":[111],"adaptations.":[112],"The":[113],"also":[115],"highlights":[116],"impactful":[117],"diverse":[122],"domains":[123],"identifies":[125],"critical":[126],"open":[127],"scalability,":[130],"dynamic":[131],"graph":[132,154],"processing,":[133],"interpretability,":[134],"integration":[136],"other":[138],"artificial":[139],"intelligence":[140],"paradigms.":[141],"conclude":[143],"outlining":[145],"promising":[146],"research":[147],"avenues":[148],"guide":[150],"future":[151],"developments":[152],"learning.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-02T09:04:35.204637","created_date":"2026-02-18T00:00:00"}
