{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128642600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3663912","title":"Advanced Energy Management Strategy for Tractor-to-Home Electrification in Off-Grid Agricultural Microgrids","display_name":"Advanced Energy Management Strategy for Tractor-to-Home Electrification in Off-Grid Agricultural Microgrids","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128642600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3663912"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3663912","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3663912","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3663912","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125649229","display_name":"Aissa Benhammo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143936627","display_name":"University of Bechar","ror":"https://ror.org/035145p50","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143936627"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aissa Benhammou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, SGRE Laboratory, Tahri Mohamed University, Bechar, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3313-2571","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, SGRE Laboratory, Tahri Mohamed University, Bechar, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143936627"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104239154","display_name":"Med Amine Hartani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143936627","display_name":"University of Bechar","ror":"https://ror.org/035145p50","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143936627"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Amine Hartani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, SGRE Laboratory, Tahri Mohamed University, Bechar, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0078-6600","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, SGRE Laboratory, Tahri Mohamed University, Bechar, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143936627"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056124467","display_name":"Ahmed M. Nassef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-5737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed M. Nassef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alddawasir, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-5737","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alddawasir, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086816810","display_name":"Hegazy Rezk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9254-2744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hegazy Rezk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alddawasir, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alddawasir, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16663262,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"25286","last_page":"25298"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.5853999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.5853999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.0430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.03669999912381172,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.6425999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.6388000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrification","display_name":"Electrification","score":0.6123999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-electrification","display_name":"Rural electrification","score":0.49309998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-management","display_name":"Power management","score":0.44609999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tractor","display_name":"Tractor","score":0.36800000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6425999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.6388000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778324724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076056","display_name":"Electrification","level":3,"score":0.6123999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5468000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778970885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3587607","display_name":"Rural electrification","level":4,"score":0.49309998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778774385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4437810","display_name":"Power management","level":3,"score":0.44609999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780427559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39495","display_name":"Tractor","level":2,"score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781260460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6139999","display_name":"Energy management system","level":4,"score":0.3188999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.31360000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778363213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16938469","display_name":"Power management system","level":4,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40293303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27137","display_name":"Electric power","level":3,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121119573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915732","display_name":"Intermittent energy source","level":4,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3663912","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3663912","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3663912","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3663912","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.5724530816078186}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3559830908","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PSAU/2025/01/33354","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311227","funder_display_name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311227","display_name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,16,66,76,181],"comprehensive":[4],"energy":[5,54,87,122,127,190],"management":[6,123],"strategy":[7,124],"designed":[8],"for":[9,104,136,176],"an":[10],"off-grid":[11,189],"agricultural":[12,138],"microgrid":[13],"that":[14,71],"integrates":[15],"PV":[17],"array,":[18],"Home":[19],"Battery":[20,27],"Energy":[21,28],"Storage":[22,29],"(HBES),":[23],"and":[24,46,59,75,132,140,157,183],"Electric":[25],"Tractor":[26],"(TBES).":[30],"The":[31,92],"proposed":[32,121],"tractor-to-home":[33],"(T2H)":[34],"system":[35,57,149],"coordinates":[36],"power":[37,94,142],"flows":[38],"among":[39],"renewable":[40,53],"generation,":[41],"stationary":[42],"storage,":[43],"household":[44,141],"loads,":[45],"the":[47,111,117,120,148],"electric":[48],"tractor\u2019s":[49],"battery":[50,130],"to":[51,84,98,187],"maximize":[52],"utilization,":[55],"extend":[56],"autonomy,":[58],"enhance":[60],"operational":[61],"reliability.":[62],"Key":[63],"contributions":[64],"include":[65],"dynamic":[67],"load":[68],"prioritization":[69],"mechanism":[70],"adaptively":[72],"manages":[73],"demand,":[74],"refined":[77],"Flexible":[78],"Power":[79],"Point":[80],"Tracking":[81],"(FPPT)":[82],"algorithm":[83],"optimize":[85],"solar":[86],"harvesting":[88],"under":[89],"variable":[90],"irradiance.":[91],"tractor":[93],"emulator":[95],"is":[96],"incorporated":[97],"realistically":[99],"replicate":[100],"traction":[101],"motor":[102],"dynamics":[103],"Processor-in-the-Loop":[105],"(PIL).":[106],"Experimental":[107],"results":[108],"obtained":[109],"using":[110],"real-time":[112],"MicroLabBox":[113],"control":[114],"platform":[115],"confirm":[116],"effectiveness":[118],"of":[119],"in":[125],"sustaining":[126],"balance,":[128],"minimizing":[129],"degradation,":[131],"providing":[133],"reliable":[134],"support":[135],"both":[137],"operations":[139],"needs":[143],"over":[144],"extended":[145],"durations.":[146],"Furthermore,":[147],"consistently":[150],"maintains":[151],"voltage":[152],"regulation":[153],"errors":[154],"below":[155],"0.5%":[156],"achieves":[158],"efficiency":[159],"levels":[160],"exceeding":[161],"96%":[162],"across":[163],"all":[164],"operating":[165],"modes.":[166],"Collectively,":[167],"these":[168],"findings":[169],"demonstrate":[170],"substantial":[171],"progress":[172],"toward":[173],"sustainable":[174],"electrification":[175],"rural":[177],"farming":[178],"contexts,":[179],"offering":[180],"robust":[182],"environmentally":[184],"friendly":[185],"alternative":[186],"conventional":[188],"solutions.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-12T00:00:00"}