{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128430136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3662790","title":"Single-Layer Microstripline Third-Order Butler Matrix and Its Application to Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexing","display_name":"Single-Layer Microstripline Third-Order Butler Matrix and Its Application to Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexing","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128430136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3662790"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3662790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3662790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3662790","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shunto Arai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3159-8389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173009982","display_name":"Iwate University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cd75h10","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173009982"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shunto Arai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3159-8389","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173009982"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001957612","display_name":"Kentaro Murata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4362-3163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173009982","display_name":"Iwate University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cd75h10","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173009982"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kentaro Murata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4362-3163","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173009982"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080725047","display_name":"Naoki Honma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4738-3187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173009982","display_name":"Iwate University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cd75h10","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173009982"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naoki Honma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4738-3187","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173009982"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21606755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"22474","last_page":"22490"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":0.9516000151634216,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":0.9516000151634216,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.019500000402331352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.007199999876320362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.817300021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angular-momentum","display_name":"Angular momentum","score":0.6021000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbital-angular-momentum-multiplexing","display_name":"Orbital angular momentum multiplexing","score":0.5411999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4934000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4632999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.44760000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4472000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insertion-loss","display_name":"Insertion loss","score":0.37779998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-multiplexing","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","score":0.3312999904155731}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.817300021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155675718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161254","display_name":"Angular momentum","level":2,"score":0.6021000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141705503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100069","display_name":"Orbital angular momentum multiplexing","level":5,"score":0.5411999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5264999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4934000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4632999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.44760000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4472000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3955000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90327742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947396","display_name":"Insertion loss","level":2,"score":0.37779998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574075","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17137986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215067","display_name":"Orthogonality","level":2,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21922175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3105497","display_name":"Gigabit","level":2,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89061704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5555726","display_name":"Frequency-division multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987812609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194158","display_name":"Bit rate","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173512123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5978010","display_name":"Statistical time division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54767332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751572","display_name":"Phase response","level":3,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50661577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901831","display_name":"Time-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.2533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3662790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3662790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3662790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3662790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7848103642463684}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3255395350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP23K13328","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320212","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4948024300","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025M-328","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328617","funder_display_name":"JKA Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7270920022","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP23K13328","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320212","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London","ror":"https://ror.org/02m7axw05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328617","display_name":"JKA Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01r88qh41"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,150],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,33,48,60,128,136],"third-order":[4],"Butler":[5],"matrix":[6],"to":[7,14,113,127,155,169,184],"extend":[8],"orbital":[9],"angular":[10],"momentum":[11],"(OAM)":[12],"multiplexing":[13,56,182],"orders":[15],"that":[16],"are":[17],"multiples":[18],"of":[19,63,162,173],"three":[20],"for":[21,75,164,176],"short-range":[22],"wireless":[23],"communications":[24],"in":[25],"fog/edge":[26,177],"computing":[27,178],"applications.":[28],"The":[29],"proposed":[30],"network":[31,52],"employs":[32],"single-layer":[34],"microstripline":[35],"structure,":[36],"facilitating":[37],"simplified":[38],"fabrication":[39],"and":[40,50,54,91,135,147,159],"miniaturization.":[41],"To":[42],"validate":[43],"its":[44],"performance,":[45],"we":[46],"fabricated":[47],"prototype":[49,70],"conducted":[51,105],"evaluations":[53],"OAM":[55,76],"transmission":[57,102],"experiments":[58,103],"at":[59],"center":[61],"frequency":[62],"2.5":[64],"GHz.":[65],"At":[66],"this":[67],"frequency,":[68],"the":[69,96,119,145,156,171],"exhibited":[71],"key":[72],"characteristics":[73,94],"required":[74],"mode":[77,133],"generation:":[78],"low":[79],"insertion":[80],"loss":[81],"(<":[82],"0.44":[83],"dB),":[84],"well-balanced":[85],"amplitude":[86],"(error":[87,98],"<":[88,99],"0.41":[89],"dB)":[90],"precise":[92],"phase":[93],"among":[95],"ports":[97],"1.7\u00b0).":[100],"Furthermore,":[101],"were":[104],"using":[106],"four":[107],"array":[108,122],"configurations":[109],"under":[110,141],"various":[111],"conditions":[112],"evaluate":[114],"system":[115],"performance.":[116],"In":[117],"particular,":[118],"circularly":[120],"polarized":[121],"demonstrated":[123],"notable":[124],"robustness":[125],"compared":[126],"co-polarized":[129],"array,":[130],"maintaining":[131],"high":[132,137],"orthogonality":[134],"achievable":[138],"rate":[139],"even":[140],"axial":[142],"rotation":[143],"between":[144],"transmitting":[146],"receiving":[148],"arrays.":[149],"work":[151],"contributes":[152],"not":[153],"only":[154],"simplification,":[157],"miniaturization,":[158],"low-power":[160],"consumption":[161],"networks":[163],"edge":[165],"devices":[166],"but":[167],"also":[168],"enhancing":[170],"scalability":[172],"seamless":[174],"communication":[175],"by":[179],"enabling":[180],"flexible":[181],"tailored":[183],"adaptive":[185],"use":[186],"cases.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-10T00:00:00"}