{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128308541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3661795","title":"A Two-Stage Decomposition-Grouping Strategy for Multi-Aircraft Weight and Balance Optimization of Non-ULD","display_name":"A Two-Stage Decomposition-Grouping Strategy for Multi-Aircraft Weight and Balance Optimization of Non-ULD","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128308541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3661795"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3661795","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3661795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3661795","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125357697","display_name":"Yunfei Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Equipment Management and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Engineering School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8106-4301","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Equipment Management and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Engineering School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062142062","display_name":"J. Y. Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihui Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Equipment Management and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Engineering School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8872-6344","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Equipment Management and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Engineering School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11418821,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"34493","last_page":"34509"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11524","display_name":"Advanced Aircraft Design and Technologies","score":0.22849999368190765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11524","display_name":"Advanced Aircraft Design and Technologies","score":0.22849999368190765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.1890999972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12125","display_name":"Aerospace and Aviation Technology","score":0.1720999926328659,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance","display_name":"Balance (ability)","score":0.47029998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-control","display_name":"Process control","score":0.25519999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4867999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.47029998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155386361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649571","display_name":"Process control","level":3,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.2434999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.24210000038146973}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3661795","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3661795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:600b4343a48444bca3ca6ae25e11c704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/600b4343a48444bca3ca6ae25e11c704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 34493-34509 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3661795","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3661795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5917776299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"72461013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966453552","https://openalex.org/W1968780901","https://openalex.org/W2001767640","https://openalex.org/W2015970599","https://openalex.org/W2025851704","https://openalex.org/W2059481534","https://openalex.org/W2088201687","https://openalex.org/W2122783975","https://openalex.org/W2144900108","https://openalex.org/W2463628155","https://openalex.org/W2913118129","https://openalex.org/W3036031637","https://openalex.org/W3110722649","https://openalex.org/W3181848241","https://openalex.org/W4253923225","https://openalex.org/W4309102124","https://openalex.org/W4381683704","https://openalex.org/W4392976091","https://openalex.org/W4399186041"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,82,124,141,147,163,188,204,214,227,242,253,285,294,297],"weight":[4,17,63,93],"balance":[5,18,65,94,149],"problem":[6],"in":[7,107],"loading":[8,286],"non-unit":[9],"load":[10],"devices":[11],"(non-ULDs)":[12],"for":[13,23,36,67,123,131,237,275],"multi-aircraft.":[14,291],"A":[15],"two-stage":[16,83],"optimization":[19],"model":[20,35,66,84,90,96,282],"was":[21],"developed":[22],"multi-aircraft":[24],"non-ULDs":[25,38,69,106,289],"loading.":[26],"The":[27,58,127,201,280],"first":[28],"stage":[29,60],"involves":[30],"a":[31,62,86,92,101,136],"two-dimensional":[32,87],"geometric":[33,88],"constraint":[34,89,95],"distributing":[37],"positions,":[39,70],"considering":[40,71],"their":[41],"constraints,":[42],"with":[43,116,135,144,178,182,217,220],"multi-objectives":[44],"of":[45,139,150,165,186,190,198,222,229,248,255,263,272,287],"maximizing":[46],"aircraft":[47,56,73,166,191,230,256],"cargo":[48,158,183,224,250],"hold":[49,159,184,225,251],"area":[50],"utilization":[51,160,185],"and":[52,54,64,91,153,170,195,234,260],"payload,":[53],"minimizing":[55],"sorties.":[57,279],"second":[59],"is":[61,161,168,173,193,232,258],"adjusting":[68],"various":[72],"constraints.":[74],"Two":[75],"solution":[76,119,151,308],"strategies":[77,120],"are":[78,208],"designed:":[79],"first,":[80],"decomposing":[81],"into":[85],"via":[97],"logical":[98],"checks;":[99],"second,":[100],"grouping":[102,145,206,218,299],"strategy":[103,207,245,300],"that":[104],"combines":[105],"pairs":[108],"to":[109,211,277,293],"form":[110],"blocks.":[111],"Using":[112],"Gurobi,":[113],"two":[114],"scenarios":[115],"different":[117],"combined":[118],"were":[121],"verified":[122],"B747F":[125],"aircraft.":[126],"results":[128,202],"indicate":[129],"that,":[130],"large":[132],"scale":[133],"instances":[134],"given":[137],"number":[138,164,189,228,254],"non-ULD,":[140],"Gurobi":[142,179,205,215,243],"decomposition":[143,216,244,295],"delivers":[146],"best":[148],"quality":[152],"solving":[154,177,303],"speed.":[155],"On":[156],"average,":[157],"58.59%,":[162],"sorties":[167,192,231,257],"11.25,":[169,233],"solver":[171,196,238,264],"time":[172,197,304],"108.19":[174],"s.":[175,200],"Directly":[176],"performs":[180],"worse,":[181],"45.04%,":[187],"13.75,":[194,259],"1,689.29":[199],"from":[203,213],"very":[209],"close":[210],"those":[212],"strategy,":[219,296],"averages":[221,247],"58.59%":[223],"utilization,":[226,252],"76.62":[235],"s":[236,262],"time.":[239,265],"In":[240],"contrast,":[241],"yields":[246],"44.95%":[249],"957.28":[261],"All":[266],"methods":[267],"delivered":[268],"an":[269],"average":[270],"payload":[271],"1,154,489":[273],"kg":[274],"11.25":[276],"13.75":[278],"proposed":[281],"can":[283],"realize":[284],"batch":[288],"across":[290],"Relative":[292],"designed":[298],"substantially":[301],"accelerates":[302],"while":[305],"maintaining":[306],"competitive":[307],"quality.":[309]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T07:00:12.390032","created_date":"2026-02-09T00:00:00"}
