{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127309972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3660895","title":"The Unified Synthesis of Flat-Beam Multi-Directional Metasurface Rectennas: A Review for Pervasive Wireless Power Beyond Directional Limits","display_name":"The Unified Synthesis of Flat-Beam Multi-Directional Metasurface Rectennas: A Review for Pervasive Wireless Power Beyond Directional Limits","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127309972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3660895"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3660895","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3660895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3660895","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076148332","display_name":"Athul Parameswaran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I882761360","display_name":"Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05k37ht14","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I882761360"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Athul Parameswaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Avionics, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5395-7127","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Avionics, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I882761360"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Manoj Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8913-5996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110166357","display_name":"University of Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzb2213","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94234084","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","ror":"https://ror.org/05pjsgx75","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manoj Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India","Department of Electronics, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8913-5996","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Basudev Majumder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0485-2916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I882761360","display_name":"Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05k37ht14","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I882761360"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Basudev Majumder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Avionics, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0485-2916","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Avionics, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I882761360"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121286343","display_name":"Ignacio J. Garcia Zuazola","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126193024","display_name":"London Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae33288","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126193024"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ignacio Julio Garcia Zuazola","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Digital Media, London Metropolitan University, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8580-0194","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Digital Media, London Metropolitan University, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126193024"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124893433","display_name":"Md Jaleel Akhtar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94234084","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","ror":"https://ror.org/05pjsgx75","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Jaleel Akhtar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6918-3595","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075102419","display_name":"Manish Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1173-853X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110166357","display_name":"University of Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzb2213","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94234084","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","ror":"https://ror.org/05pjsgx75","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manish Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India","Department of Electronics, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10395091,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"26560","last_page":"26580"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.945900022983551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.945900022983551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.0203000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12046","display_name":"MXene and MAX Phase Materials","score":0.009499999694526196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rectenna","display_name":"Rectenna","score":0.7107999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6866999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-power-transfer","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","score":0.6434999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband","display_name":"Broadband","score":0.5652999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrowband","display_name":"Narrowband","score":0.5422999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-broadband","display_name":"Wireless broadband","score":0.430400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.4027000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.3675999939441681}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7175999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46526593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1748579","display_name":"Rectenna","level":4,"score":0.7107999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6866999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779423816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6856398","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","level":3,"score":0.6434999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.5652999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776096036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140483","display_name":"Narrowband","level":2,"score":0.5422999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85608190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922050","display_name":"Wireless broadband","level":4,"score":0.430400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.4027000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.40070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45493050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7884934","display_name":"Unified Model","level":2,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110367647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497166","display_name":"Metamaterial","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16021271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17152552","display_name":"Power domains","level":3,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3660895","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3660895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.londonmet.ac.uk:11258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/11258/1/The_Unified_Synthesis_of_Flat-Beam_Multi-Directional_Metasurface_Rectennas_A_Review_for_Pervasive_Wireless_Power_Beyond_Directional_Limits.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400141","display_name":"London Met Repository (London Metropolitan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126193024","host_organization_name":"London Metropolitan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126193024"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3660895","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3660895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.40425461530685425,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1454961777","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DST/EE/2025226","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323670","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Government of Kerala"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3680794629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DST/EE/2025226","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320719","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320719","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","ror":"https://ror.org/0101xrq71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323670","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Government of Kerala","ror":"https://ror.org/030fy4q75"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Battery-free":[0],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,42,72,151],"Things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"systems":[5],"require":[6],"wireless":[7,154],"power":[8,155],"transfer":[9],"(WPT)":[10],"receivers":[11],"that":[12],"are":[13,131],"robust":[14],"to":[15,48,65,94,112,147],"variations":[16],"in":[17,70],"orientation":[18],"and":[19,28,56,81,103,123,135,140],"polarization.":[20],"Conventional":[21],"rectennas,":[22,53,55],"however,":[23],"exhibit":[24],"strong":[25],"directional":[26],"sensitivity":[27],"limited":[29,100],"adaptability,":[30],"which":[31],"constrains":[32],"their":[33],"practical":[34],"deployment.":[35],"This":[36],"review":[37],"presents":[38],"a":[39],"unified":[40],"synthesis":[41],"three":[43],"emerging":[44,141],"rectenna":[45],"architectures":[46],"developed":[47,64],"mitigate":[49],"angular":[50,73],"misalignment,":[51],"flat-beam":[52],"multidirectional":[54],"metasurface-assisted":[57],"lens":[58],"rectennas.":[59],"A":[60,106],"comparative":[61],"taxonomy":[62],"is":[63,109],"systematically":[66],"evaluate":[67],"these":[68],"approaches":[69],"terms":[71],"coverage,":[74],"RF\u2013DC":[75],"conversion":[76],"efficiency":[77],"(\u03b7RF-DC),":[78],"implementation":[79],"complexity,":[80],"scalability.":[82],"Beyond":[83],"summarizing":[84],"recent":[85],"advances,":[86],"this":[87],"paper":[88],"analyzes":[89],"persistent":[90],"research":[91,129],"gaps":[92],"common":[93],"all":[95],"techniques,":[96],"including":[97,133],"narrowband":[98],"operation,":[99],"system-level":[101],"validation,":[102],"manufacturing":[104],"constraints.":[105],"decision-oriented":[107],"framework":[108],"further":[110],"proposed":[111],"guide":[113],"architecture":[114],"selection":[115],"for":[116,157],"application-specific":[117],"scenarios,":[118],"such":[119,143],"as":[120,144],"mobile,":[121],"wearable,":[122],"fixed":[124],"IoT":[125,159],"deployments.":[126],"Convergent":[127],"future":[128],"directions":[130],"outlined,":[132],"adaptive":[134],"broadband":[136],"designs,":[137],"multifunctional":[138],"integration,":[139],"concepts":[142],"dynamic":[145],"metasurfaces,":[146],"support":[148],"the":[149],"development":[150],"pervasive,":[152],"orientation-independent":[153],"solutions":[156],"next-generation":[158],"networks.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2026-02-04T00:00:00"}
