{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127313744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3660856","title":"Soft Actor-Critic-Based Early Warning Method for Quench Risk in High-Temperature Superconducting Cables","display_name":"Soft Actor-Critic-Based Early Warning Method for Quench Risk in High-Temperature Superconducting Cables","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127313744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3660856"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3660856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3660856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3660856","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056811049","display_name":"Jiawei Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1008-3412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126065","display_name":"Shanghai Electric (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0314qy595","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power Dispatching and Control Center, State Grid Shanghai Shinan Electric Power Supply Company, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Dispatching and Control Center, State Grid Shanghai Shinan Electric Power Supply Company, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124887890","display_name":"Sixiang Xue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126065","display_name":"Shanghai Electric (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0314qy595","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sixiang Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power Dispatching and Control Center, State Grid Shanghai Shinan Electric Power Supply Company, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Dispatching and Control Center, State Grid Shanghai Shinan Electric Power Supply Company, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124956196","display_name":"Chang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23632641","display_name":"Shanghai University of Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/02w4tny03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6931-1555","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093251441","display_name":"J. Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23632641","display_name":"Shanghai University of Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/02w4tny03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jixiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124879710","display_name":"Rui Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126065","display_name":"Shanghai Electric (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0314qy595","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power Dispatching and Control Center, State Grid Shanghai Shinan Electric Power Supply Company, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Dispatching and Control Center, State Grid Shanghai Shinan Electric Power Supply Company, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124894552","display_name":"Menghua Deng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126065","display_name":"Shanghai Electric (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0314qy595","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Menghua Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power Dispatching and Control Center, State Grid Shanghai Shinan Electric Power Supply Company, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Dispatching and Control Center, State Grid Shanghai Shinan Electric Power Supply Company, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005517548","display_name":"Pengyu You","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengyu You","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056811049"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22715606,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"23036","last_page":"23048"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12804","display_name":"Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission","score":0.3506999909877777,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12804","display_name":"Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission","score":0.3506999909877777,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10037","display_name":"Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism","score":0.20029999315738678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.1793999969959259,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.475600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warning-system","display_name":"Warning system","score":0.3905999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-measurement","display_name":"Temperature measurement","score":0.38339999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-equipment","display_name":"Electrical equipment","score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.2849999964237213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.529699981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.475600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29825287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427940","display_name":"Warning system","level":2,"score":0.3905999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.38339999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162175671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3749263","display_name":"Electrical equipment","level":2,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7694927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7667810","display_name":"Water cooling","level":2,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202374169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124291","display_name":"Electrical conductor","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180591934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1253369","display_name":"Downtime","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775846686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643012","display_name":"Condition monitoring","level":2,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.26109999418258667}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3660856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3660856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3660856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3660856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1802654521","https://openalex.org/W2012068154","https://openalex.org/W2034109491","https://openalex.org/W2090062535","https://openalex.org/W2157316903","https://openalex.org/W2157737977","https://openalex.org/W2573855960","https://openalex.org/W3003018357","https://openalex.org/W3121312800","https://openalex.org/W3132382677","https://openalex.org/W3134207581","https://openalex.org/W3192662740","https://openalex.org/W4226340420","https://openalex.org/W4283266927","https://openalex.org/W4293370482","https://openalex.org/W4360913297","https://openalex.org/W4366550909","https://openalex.org/W4384159721","https://openalex.org/W4391774101","https://openalex.org/W4399903610","https://openalex.org/W4404021738","https://openalex.org/W4404787822","https://openalex.org/W4410881159"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"address":[1],"the":[2,25,44,52,91],"challenge":[3],"of":[4],"predicting":[5],"quench":[6,97],"risks":[7],"in":[8],"high-temperature":[9],"superconducting":[10],"(HTS)":[11],"cables":[12],"under":[13,74],"multiple-source":[14],"disturbances,":[15],"this":[16],"paper":[17],"proposes":[18],"an":[19],"intelligent":[20],"early-warning":[21,87],"method":[22,47],"based":[23,64],"on":[24,65],"Soft":[26],"Actor-Critic":[27],"(SAC)":[28],"algorithm.":[29],"At":[30],"first,":[31],"a":[32,59],"multi-index":[33],"evaluation":[34],"system":[35],"covering":[36],"electrical":[37],"and":[38,43,81],"cooling":[39],"characteristics":[40],"is":[41,48,67],"constructed,":[42],"entropy":[45],"weight":[46],"adopted":[49],"to":[50,69],"determine":[51],"weights":[53],"for":[54],"comprehensive":[55],"risk":[56,72],"quantification.":[57],"Secondly,":[58],"deep":[60],"reinforcement":[61],"learning":[62],"model":[63],"SAC":[66],"established":[68],"achieve":[70],"dynamic":[71],"prediction":[73,100],"continuous":[75],"operating":[76],"conditions.":[77],"Finally,":[78],"multi-scenario":[79],"experiments":[80],"comparative":[82],"analysis":[83],"with":[84,99],"other":[85],"mainstream":[86],"methods":[88],"demonstrate":[89],"that":[90],"proposed":[92],"approach":[93],"achieves":[94],"effective":[95],"early":[96],"warning,":[98],"errors":[101],"consistently":[102],"maintained":[103],"within":[104],"acceptable":[105],"ranges.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-19T06:27:42.648592","created_date":"2026-02-04T00:00:00"}