{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127141180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3660023","title":"Vertically Stacked Doping-Less Dual-Metal Gate Nanosheet FET With TiO2 Dielectric for High Sensitivity Autoimmune Disease Biosensing","display_name":"Vertically Stacked Doping-Less Dual-Metal Gate Nanosheet FET With TiO2 Dielectric for High Sensitivity Autoimmune Disease Biosensing","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127141180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3660023"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3660023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3660023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3660023","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124214077","display_name":"Srinivasa Rao Karumuri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875944469","display_name":"Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02k949197","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Srinivasa Rao Karumuri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, VLSI-Microelectronics Research Center, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (Deemed to be University), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1239-5196","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, VLSI-Microelectronics Research Center, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (Deemed to be University), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123550280","display_name":"Peravali Rahul","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875944469","display_name":"Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02k949197","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peravali Rahul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, VLSI-Microelectronics Research Center, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (Deemed to be University), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, VLSI-Microelectronics Research Center, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (Deemed to be University), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107037750","display_name":"Vakkalakula Bharath Sreenivasulu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0182-3057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vakkalakula Bharath Sreenivasulu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Manipal, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0182-3057","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124771321","display_name":"Girija Sravani Kondavitee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875944469","display_name":"Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02k949197","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Girija Sravani Kondavitee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, VLSI-Microelectronics Research Center, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (Deemed to be University), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9927-1833","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, VLSI-Microelectronics Research Center, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (Deemed to be University), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124214077"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20573587,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"20681","last_page":"20693"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.6861000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.6861000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11272","display_name":"Nanowire Synthesis and Applications","score":0.1527000069618225,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.0737999975681305,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanosheet","display_name":"Nanosheet","score":0.8357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosensor","display_name":"Biosensor","score":0.777899980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.670799970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controllability","display_name":"Controllability","score":0.5525000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5475000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.49390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gate-dielectric","display_name":"Gate dielectric","score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-effect-transistor","display_name":"Field-effect transistor","score":0.42910000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-\u03ba-dielectric","display_name":"High-\u03ba dielectric","score":0.3946000039577484}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51967427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17148232","display_name":"Nanosheet","level":2,"score":0.8357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8070999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160756335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669391","display_name":"Biosensor","level":2,"score":0.777899980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.6848000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.670799970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48209547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331104","display_name":"Controllability","level":2,"score":0.5525000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5475000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.49390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166972891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5527011","display_name":"Gate dielectric","level":4,"score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.429500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145598152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176097","display_name":"Field-effect transistor","level":4,"score":0.42910000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16317505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132013","display_name":"High-\u03ba dielectric","level":3,"score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49853544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206229","display_name":"Biomolecule","level":2,"score":0.3716000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141400236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1479544","display_name":"Nanoelectronics","level":2,"score":0.3571999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10418432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560370","display_name":"AND gate","level":3,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3215999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778413303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210793","display_name":"MOSFET","level":4,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74214498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631739","display_name":"Nanowire","level":2,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156465305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1658601","display_name":"Subthreshold conduction","level":4,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79794668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1616270","display_name":"Heterojunction","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41858301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2327870","display_name":"Nanosensor","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69544855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757625","display_name":"Atomic layer deposition","level":3,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168651791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Permittivity","level":3,"score":0.25540000200271606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3660023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3660023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3660023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3660023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5299122333526611,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977426672","https://openalex.org/W1994474292","https://openalex.org/W2032136766","https://openalex.org/W2097590894","https://openalex.org/W2104266381","https://openalex.org/W2149800702","https://openalex.org/W2608409802","https://openalex.org/W2754902844","https://openalex.org/W2909926112","https://openalex.org/W2965858096","https://openalex.org/W3003372258","https://openalex.org/W3158347758","https://openalex.org/W3174195390","https://openalex.org/W3195839781","https://openalex.org/W3198111618","https://openalex.org/W4200135063","https://openalex.org/W4242768823","https://openalex.org/W4280625526","https://openalex.org/W4281383848","https://openalex.org/W4313490976","https://openalex.org/W4372055544","https://openalex.org/W4377194857","https://openalex.org/W4378676435","https://openalex.org/W4384519472","https://openalex.org/W4388450985","https://openalex.org/W4392864253","https://openalex.org/W4393161793","https://openalex.org/W4401358196","https://openalex.org/W4402435342","https://openalex.org/W4402509779","https://openalex.org/W4402593524","https://openalex.org/W4403977057","https://openalex.org/W4409560455","https://openalex.org/W4411252064","https://openalex.org/W4412095023","https://openalex.org/W4412354436","https://openalex.org/W4412862476","https://openalex.org/W4413242078","https://openalex.org/W4413312661","https://openalex.org/W4414358637"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"have":[4],"presented":[5],"and":[6,22,40,55,78,109,132,202,252],"simulated":[7],"a":[8,28,114,205,237],"Vertically":[9],"Stacked":[10],"Doping-less":[11],"Nanosheet":[12],"FET":[13],"biosensor":[14,245],"for":[15,36,146,182,247],"autoimmune":[16],"disease":[17],"detection":[18,191],"with":[19,32,155],"improved":[20,52,74],"sensitivity":[21,217,244],"performance.":[23],"The":[24,59,81,111,149,175,196,232],"proposed":[25,82,233],"device":[26,83,112,150,176],"has":[27,85,177],"dual-metal":[29],"gate":[30,48],"configuration":[31],"different":[33,183,230],"work":[34],"functions":[35],"the":[37,46,172,189],"source,":[38],"drain,":[39],"gate.":[41],"TiO\u2082":[42],"is":[43,200],"used":[44],"as":[45,165,167],"high-K":[47],"dielectric":[49,156],"to":[50,163,210,219,240],"achieve":[51],"electrostatic":[53],"control":[54],"reduced":[56],"leakage":[57],"currents.":[58],"vertically":[60],"stacked":[61],"nanosheet":[62],"structure":[63],"improves":[64],"channel":[65,70],"controllability":[66],"while":[67,214],"reducing":[68],"short":[69],"effects":[71],"resulting":[72],"in":[73,88,92,207],"subthreshold":[75],"swing":[76],"(SS)":[77],"ON":[79],"current.":[80],"performance":[84,95,228],"been":[86],"evaluated":[87],"Silvaco":[89],"ATLAS":[90],"TCAD":[91],"terms":[93],"of":[94,198,250],"parameters":[96],"I<sub":[97,100,103,116,124,133],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[98,101,104,106,117,122,125,130,134,136,141],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">on</sub>,":[99],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">off</sub>,":[102],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">on</sub>/I<sub":[105,135],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">off</sub>":[107,126,137],"ratio":[108],"sensitivity.":[110],"achieved":[113],"better":[115,190],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">on</sub>":[118],"(1.92":[119],"x":[120,128,139],"10<sup":[121,129,140],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-4</sup>),":[123],"(8.07":[127],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-13</sup>)":[131],"(2.38":[138],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">8</sup>)":[142],"conforming":[143],"its":[144],"suitability":[145],"biosensing":[147],"applications.":[148],"effectively":[151],"detects":[152],"neutral":[153],"biomolecules":[154,169],"constants":[157],"ranging":[158],"from":[159],"K":[160],"=":[161],"1":[162],"12":[164],"well":[166],"charged":[168],"introduced":[170],"into":[171],"sensing":[173,179],"cavity.":[174],"good":[178],"ability":[180],"varied":[181],"cavity":[184],"filling":[185,194],"levels":[186],"(25%,50%,75%,100%)":[187],"shows":[188],"at":[192],"100%":[193],"level.":[195],"effect":[197],"temperature":[199,208],"explored":[201],"demonstrates":[203],"that":[204],"rise":[206],"leads":[209],"lower":[211],"drain":[212],"current":[213],"slightly":[215],"lowering":[216],"due":[218],"increased":[220],"thermal":[221],"carrier":[222],"activity.":[223],"This":[224],"confirms":[225],"reliable":[226],"sensor":[227],"under":[229],"conditions.":[231],"design":[234],"therefore":[235],"provides":[236],"potential":[238],"path":[239],"next":[241],"generation":[242],"high":[243],"systems":[246],"early":[248],"identification":[249],"illnesses":[251],"biomedical":[253],"diagnostics.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-01T08:36:08.643496","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}
