{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126217009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3659738","title":"Calibration-Free Shoulder Kinematics Using Single and Dual Asynchronous RGB-D Cameras","display_name":"Calibration-Free Shoulder Kinematics Using Single and Dual Asynchronous RGB-D Cameras","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126217009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3659738"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3659738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3659738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3659738","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061004124","display_name":"Vytautas Abromavi\u010dius","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1588-6572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172574986","display_name":"Kaunas University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01me6gb93","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vytautas Abromavi\u010dius","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Real Time Computer Systems, Faculty of Informatics, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1588-6572","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Real Time Computer Systems, Faculty of Informatics, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122835553","display_name":"Julius Gri\u0161kevi\u010dius","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167420956","display_name":"Vilnius Gediminas Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x3e4q36","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167420956"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julius Gri\u0161kevi\u010dius","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1184-1641","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167420956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029765792","display_name":"Dalius Matuzevi\u010dius","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5137-4585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167420956","display_name":"Vilnius Gediminas Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x3e4q36","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167420956"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dalius Matuzevi\u010dius","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5137-4585","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167420956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067420694","display_name":"Algirdas Maknickas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8431-2292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167420956","display_name":"Vilnius Gediminas Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x3e4q36","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167420956"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Algirdas Maknickas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167420956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048815011","display_name":"Darius Plonis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6579-1526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167420956","display_name":"Vilnius Gediminas Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x3e4q36","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167420956"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darius Plonis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6579-1526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167420956"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034151104","display_name":"Rytis Maskeli\u016bnas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172574986","display_name":"Kaunas University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01me6gb93","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rytis Maskeli\u016bnas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Real Time Computer Systems, Faculty of Informatics, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2809-2213","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Real Time Computer Systems, Faculty of Informatics, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":20.245,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9886303,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"17381","last_page":"17394"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10571","display_name":"Robotic Mechanisms and Dynamics","score":0.10949999839067459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10571","display_name":"Robotic Mechanisms and Dynamics","score":0.10949999839067459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.09560000151395798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.08290000259876251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.6532999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.6444000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5597000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5325999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5273000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-capture","display_name":"Motion capture","score":0.4878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.48240000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8173999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.713699996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.6532999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6478000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.6444000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5597000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5325999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5273000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48007421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676252","display_name":"Motion capture","level":3,"score":0.4878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.48240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.38679999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780457017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758798","display_name":"Shoulder joint","level":2,"score":0.34929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018151503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608487","display_name":"Hand position","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160970401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423222","display_name":"Forward kinematics","level":4,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3659738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3659738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f43b21d668e74589ada1f0b21a5a32c7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f43b21d668e74589ada1f0b21a5a32c7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 17381-17394 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ktu.edu:elaba:273186213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vb.ktu.edu/KTU:ELABAPDB273186213&prefLang=en_US","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922255","display_name":"KTUePubl (Repository of Kaunas University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN 2169-3536","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3659738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3659738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3228300012","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"S-PD-24-29","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322887","funder_display_name":"The Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8265091642","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"S-PD-24-29","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322689","funder_display_name":"Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322689","display_name":"Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gs16m83"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322887","display_name":"The Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03tcppy59"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045585730","https://openalex.org/W2914143977","https://openalex.org/W2998062671","https://openalex.org/W3042515967","https://openalex.org/W3080690551","https://openalex.org/W3118931607","https://openalex.org/W3169175125","https://openalex.org/W4220889000","https://openalex.org/W4283825932","https://openalex.org/W4292492051","https://openalex.org/W4304099101","https://openalex.org/W4312965818","https://openalex.org/W4316371995","https://openalex.org/W4319777935","https://openalex.org/W4321004776","https://openalex.org/W4321231176","https://openalex.org/W4323663038","https://openalex.org/W4366993365","https://openalex.org/W4367675509","https://openalex.org/W4386179772","https://openalex.org/W4390874027","https://openalex.org/W4390939985","https://openalex.org/W4393149240","https://openalex.org/W4399566681","https://openalex.org/W4400314428","https://openalex.org/W4401452758","https://openalex.org/W4401830703","https://openalex.org/W4403935426","https://openalex.org/W4404002742","https://openalex.org/W4404764852","https://openalex.org/W4406668925","https://openalex.org/W4406767212","https://openalex.org/W4407099852","https://openalex.org/W4409247587","https://openalex.org/W4410699010","https://openalex.org/W4411244621","https://openalex.org/W4411489160","https://openalex.org/W4411866203","https://openalex.org/W4412374989","https://openalex.org/W4413050437"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"experimentally":[2],"evaluates":[3],"whether":[4],"shoulder":[5,80,135],"joint":[6,96],"kinematics":[7],"can":[8,132],"be":[9],"accurately":[10],"reconstructed":[11],"using":[12,37],"calibration":[13],"free":[14],"asynchronous":[15,129],"RGB-D":[16,130],"cameras":[17],"under":[18],"rehabilitation":[19],"relevant":[20,79],"conditions.":[21],"We":[22],"present":[23],"a":[24,64,69,94,138],"markerless":[25],"framework":[26],"that":[27,127],"jointly":[28],"learns":[29],"temporal":[30,106],"alignment,":[31],"geometric":[32],"consistency,":[33],"and":[34,46,87,119],"pose":[35],"reconstruction":[36],"continuous-time":[38],"modeling":[39],"based":[40],"on":[41],"Neural":[42],"Ordinary":[43],"Differential":[44],"Equations":[45],"implicit":[47],"representations,":[48],"eliminating":[49],"the":[50,113],"need":[51],"for":[52,85],"hardware":[53],"synchronization":[54],"or":[55],"manual":[56],"camera":[57],"calibration.":[58],"The":[59,90,124],"system":[60],"was":[61,83],"validated":[62],"in":[63],"controlled":[65],"laboratory":[66],"setting":[67],"against":[68],"BTS":[70],"Smart-DX":[71],"optical":[72],"motion":[73],"capture":[74],"reference":[75],"during":[76],"five":[77],"clinically":[78],"movements.":[81],"Performance":[82],"assessed":[84],"single-":[86],"dual-camera":[88,91,144],"configurations.":[89],"setup":[92],"achieved":[93],"mean":[95],"position":[97],"error":[98],"of":[99],"15.4":[100],"\u00b1":[101,109],"2.8":[102],"mm":[103],"with":[104,137],"low":[105],"jitter":[107],"(5.9":[108],"0.7":[110],"mm),":[111],"while":[112],"single-camera":[114],"configuration":[115],"showed":[116],"reduced":[117],"accuracy":[118],"higher":[120],"sensitivity":[121],"to":[122],"occlusion.":[123],"results":[125],"demonstrate":[126],"calibration-free":[128],"systems":[131],"provide":[133],"feasible":[134],"kinematics,":[136],"clear":[139],"accuracy\u2013complexity":[140],"trade-off":[141],"between":[142],"single-and":[143],"deployments.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-01T00:00:00"}
