{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125921294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3658620","title":"AIRFLOW: An End-to-End Spatial\u2013Channel Cross Attention Framework for Real-Time Passenger Detection and Tracking","display_name":"AIRFLOW: An End-to-End Spatial\u2013Channel Cross Attention Framework for Real-Time Passenger Detection and Tracking","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125921294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3658620"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3658620","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3658620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3658620","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003539435","display_name":"Can Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-6894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799537086","display_name":"Manchester Airport","ror":"https://ror.org/01wbcv120","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799537086"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Can Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Expand Construction Command Department, Chongqing Airport Group Company Ltd., Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Expand Construction Command Department, Chongqing Airport Group Company Ltd., Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799537086"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124118880","display_name":"Lei Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128665","display_name":"ISCO International (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03p9zdb14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128665"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing Lukou International Airport Technology Company Ltd., Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3064-647X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Lukou International Airport Technology Company Ltd., Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128665"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124101735","display_name":"Zhangxin Kan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128665","display_name":"ISCO International (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03p9zdb14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128665"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangxin Kan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing Lukou International Airport Technology Company Ltd., Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Lukou International Airport Technology Company Ltd., Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128665"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124073596","display_name":"Hai Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799537086","display_name":"Manchester Airport","ror":"https://ror.org/01wbcv120","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799537086"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Expand Construction Command Department, Chongqing Airport Group Company Ltd., Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Expand Construction Command Department, Chongqing Airport Group Company Ltd., Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799537086"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09329563,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"15748","last_page":"15762"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.5443000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.5443000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.19179999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.05770000070333481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6355000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6218000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5910999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.5156999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.46810001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.424699991941452}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6355000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6218000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5910999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5620999932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.5156999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.46810001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.424699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4124000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3610999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3508000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79487989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934680","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","level":2,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781122975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16928266","display_name":"Semantic feature","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64754055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574053","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3658620","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3658620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6109f54e9ecd43d7a68b8dd2109b50b6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6109f54e9ecd43d7a68b8dd2109b50b6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 15748-15762 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3658620","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3658620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W2031454541","https://openalex.org/W2252355370","https://openalex.org/W2594507094","https://openalex.org/W2603203130","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2956268511","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2964241181","https://openalex.org/W2982770724","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3035396860","https://openalex.org/W3084173793","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3119686997","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3172087149","https://openalex.org/W4286904999","https://openalex.org/W4289752563","https://openalex.org/W4297676427","https://openalex.org/W4312312588","https://openalex.org/W4312473433","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4390873750","https://openalex.org/W4392089409","https://openalex.org/W4402754006","https://openalex.org/W4403770406","https://openalex.org/W4404330357","https://openalex.org/W4411725176","https://openalex.org/W4413472331"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Real-time":[0],"passenger":[1],"detection":[2,73],"and":[3,20,44,59,89,97,108],"tracking":[4],"in":[5],"transportation":[6,126],"environments":[7],"presents":[8],"significant":[9],"challenges":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,85],"complex":[13],"backgrounds,":[14],"varying":[15],"lighting":[16],"conditions,":[17],"dense":[18],"crowds,":[19],"severe":[21],"occlusions.":[22],"This":[23],"paper":[24],"proposes":[25],"AIRFLOW,":[26],"an":[27,121],"end-to-end":[28],"framework":[29,119],"built":[30],"upon":[31],"RT-DETR":[32],"that":[33,103],"incorporates":[34],"two":[35],"novel":[36],"components:":[37],"the":[38,45],"Spatial-Channel":[39],"Cross":[40],"Attention":[41],"(SPCA)":[42],"mechanism":[43],"Cross-scale":[46],"Guided":[47],"Feature":[48],"Module":[49],"(CGFM).":[50],"SPCA":[51],"enhances":[52],"feature":[53],"representation":[54],"by":[55],"modeling":[56],"bidirectional":[57],"spatial":[58,88],"channel":[60],"dependencies":[61],"simultaneously":[62],"through":[63,82],"explicit":[64],"cross-attention":[65],"computation":[66],"with":[67],"8":[68],"attention":[69],"heads,":[70],"enabling":[71],"robust":[72],"of":[74],"occluded":[75],"passengers.":[76],"CGFM":[77],"effectively":[78],"fuses":[79],"multi-scale":[80],"features":[81],"semantic":[83],"guidance":[84],"preserve":[86],"critical":[87],"contextual":[90],"information.":[91],"Experiments":[92],"on":[93],"three":[94],"public":[95],"benchmarks":[96],"one":[98],"self-constructed":[99],"AirportPassenger":[100],"Dataset":[101],"demonstrate":[102],"AIRFLOWachieves":[104],"89.7%,":[105],"86.9%,":[106],"88.2%,":[107],"82.3%":[109],"mAP@0.5":[110],"respectively,":[111],"while":[112],"maintaining":[113],"52":[114],"FPS":[115],"inference":[116],"speed.":[117],"The":[118],"provides":[120],"effective":[122],"solution":[123],"for":[124],"intelligent":[125],"systems.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}
