{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125271715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3655149","title":"Speed Control of BP Neural Networks Feed-Forward Compensation With Parameter Adaptation Based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control for PMSM","display_name":"Speed Control of BP Neural Networks Feed-Forward Compensation With Parameter Adaptation Based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control for PMSM","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125271715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3655149"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3655149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3655149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3655149","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123480278","display_name":"Yubo Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144719","display_name":"CNC Technology (Czechia)","ror":"https://ror.org/040hz3y05","country_code":"CZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144719"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yubo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["GSK CNC Equipment Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GSK CNC Equipment Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144719"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104158416","display_name":"Yanggen Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144719","display_name":"CNC Technology (Czechia)","ror":"https://ror.org/040hz3y05","country_code":"CZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144719"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanggen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["GSK CNC Equipment Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GSK CNC Equipment Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144719"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhuangsheng Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144719","display_name":"CNC Technology (Czechia)","ror":"https://ror.org/040hz3y05","country_code":"CZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144719"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuangsheng Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["GSK CNC Equipment Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GSK CNC Equipment Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144719"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123540352","display_name":"Junlong Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169572211","display_name":"Northeast Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0515nd386","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169572211"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junlong Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2627-4424","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169572211"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":14.4841,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98435417,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"15483","last_page":"15495"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10504","display_name":"Sensorless Control of Electric Motors","score":0.5285999774932861,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10504","display_name":"Sensorless Control of Electric Motors","score":0.5285999774932861,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10040","display_name":"Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems","score":0.21469999849796295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11749","display_name":"Iterative Learning Control Systems","score":0.060100000351667404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.9031999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overshoot","display_name":"Overshoot (microwave communication)","score":0.7064999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-disturbance-rejection-control","display_name":"Active disturbance rejection control","score":0.6021000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-speed-control","display_name":"Electronic speed control","score":0.57669997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5439000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","score":0.512499988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-forward","display_name":"Feed forward","score":0.45249998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-control","display_name":"Machine control","score":0.4138000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-observer","display_name":"State observer","score":0.39070001244544983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.9031999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780323453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113957","display_name":"Overshoot (microwave communication)","level":2,"score":0.7064999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6326000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778072542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677499","display_name":"Active disturbance rejection control","level":4,"score":0.6021000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45641319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550768","display_name":"Electronic speed control","level":2,"score":0.57669997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5439000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.512499988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38858127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441228","display_name":"Feed forward","level":2,"score":0.45249998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777718703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6723706","display_name":"Machine control","level":2,"score":0.4138000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3031470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818544","display_name":"State observer","level":3,"score":0.39070001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183356978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779213","display_name":"Tracking error","level":3,"score":0.36820000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.3587999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3564000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161362739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301555","display_name":"Open-loop controller","level":3,"score":0.35260000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109441226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137255","display_name":"Servomotor","level":2,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71376005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845675","display_name":"Synchronous motor","level":2,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36662352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6008560","display_name":"Sliding mode control","level":3,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31531917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915157","display_name":"Robust control","level":3,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152060993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759392","display_name":"Vector control","level":4,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.2581000030040741}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3655149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3655149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1a0f98bab9e7448d93f493aa9847877f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1a0f98bab9e7448d93f493aa9847877f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 15483-15495 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3655149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3655149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057491769","https://openalex.org/W3017357666","https://openalex.org/W3128710960","https://openalex.org/W4200580730","https://openalex.org/W4206439354","https://openalex.org/W4224036449","https://openalex.org/W4315489384","https://openalex.org/W4365131733","https://openalex.org/W4382238713","https://openalex.org/W4384304569","https://openalex.org/W4384787451","https://openalex.org/W4386065475","https://openalex.org/W4390659074","https://openalex.org/W4394676688","https://openalex.org/W4396564064","https://openalex.org/W4400488187","https://openalex.org/W4401357962","https://openalex.org/W4401692107","https://openalex.org/W4401806437","https://openalex.org/W4402897358","https://openalex.org/W4402915267","https://openalex.org/W4403635794","https://openalex.org/W4408716513","https://openalex.org/W4409153571","https://openalex.org/W4410921529","https://openalex.org/W4411336517","https://openalex.org/W4416874328","https://openalex.org/W4417013608","https://openalex.org/W7083296461","https://openalex.org/W7083317493"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Permanent":[0],"magnet":[1],"synchronous":[2],"motor(PMSM)":[3],"control":[4,20,60,66,107,191,223],"system":[5,192],"is":[6,49,139],"a":[7,35,83,97,183],"time-varying":[8],"nonlinear":[9],"system.":[10],"To":[11],"address":[12],"the":[13,55,58,62,72,89,93,106,110,115,118,121,129,132,148,157,178,187,190,201],"issue":[14],"of":[15,54,61,112,120,131,159,189],"poor":[16],"tracking":[17,85],"performance":[18,108],"in":[19,78,141,174],"systems":[21],"caused":[22],"by":[23,96,177],"mismatch":[24],"between":[25,74],"motor":[26],"flux":[27],"linkage":[28],"parameter":[29,113,164,233],"and":[30,67,76,91,117,146,162,172,194,218,231],"speed":[31,52,79,179],"loop":[32,80],"controller":[33,53,122,163],"parameter,":[34],"feed-forward":[36,149,205],"compensation":[37,150,206],"method":[38],"based":[39,207],"on":[40,208],"BP":[41],"neural":[42],"network(BPNN)":[43],"with":[44],"active":[45],"disturbance":[46,90,228],"rejection":[47,229],"controller(ADRC)":[48],"proposed.":[50],"The":[51,166,222],"PMSM":[56],"uses":[57],"composite":[59],"integral":[63],"sliding":[64],"mode":[65],"ADRC":[68,209],"algorithm":[69],"to":[70,87,104,124,144,155],"resolve":[71],"trade-off":[73],"overshoot":[75,217],"responsiveness":[77],"controllers":[81],"through":[82],"linear":[84,98],"differentiator(LTD),":[86],"compensate":[88],"improve":[92,105],"anti-disturbance":[94],"capability":[95],"extended":[99],"state":[100],"observer(LESO).":[101],"In":[102],"order":[103,116],"under":[109],"condition":[111],"mismatch,":[114],"number":[119],"need":[123,188],"be":[125,170],"increased,":[126],"which":[127],"increases":[128],"complexity":[130],"design":[133],"parameters.":[134],"A":[135],"BPNN":[136,202],"load":[137,151,160,203],"observer":[138,167],"trained":[140,171],"real":[142,175],"time":[143,176],"learn":[145],"train":[147],"torque,":[152],"so":[153],"as":[154],"eliminate":[156],"adaptability":[158],"interference":[161],"mismatch.":[165],"parameters":[168,195],"can":[169],"optimized":[173],"error":[180],"value,":[181],"has":[182],"good":[184],"convergence":[185],"without":[186],"model":[193],"tuning.":[196],"Experimental":[197],"results":[198],"demonstrate":[199],"that":[200],"torque":[204],"scheme":[210,224],"exhibits":[211],"superior":[212],"dynamic":[213],"performance,":[214],"including":[215],"reduced":[216],"faster":[219],"response":[220],"time.":[221],"demonstrates":[225],"robustness,":[226],"outstanding":[227],"capability,":[230],"stable":[232],"adaptability.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-02-07T06:11:34.122080","created_date":"2026-01-22T00:00:00"}