{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123346070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3653659","title":"OSDBA: A Bilingual Ontology for the Representation of Shang Dynasty Bronze Artifacts With Archaeometallurgical Knowledge","display_name":"OSDBA: A Bilingual Ontology for the Representation of Shang Dynasty Bronze Artifacts With Archaeometallurgical Knowledge","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123346070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3653659"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3653659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3653659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3653659","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Meng Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6125-5691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Meng Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6125-5691","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122874221","display_name":"Huiru Lian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiru Lian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6547-2928","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122393872","display_name":"Chenyuan Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122883423","display_name":"Mingyu Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055381638","display_name":"Kunlong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8828-9595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunlong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0629056,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"20659","last_page":"20670"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.1673000007867813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.1673000007867813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13742","display_name":"Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts","score":0.13940000534057617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.1356000006198883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bronze","display_name":"Bronze","score":0.6194000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.5435000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","score":0.4975000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparql","display_name":"SPARQL","score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.310699999332428}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6715999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778478046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34095","display_name":"Bronze","level":2,"score":0.6194000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.5435000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.4975000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41009113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54871","display_name":"SPARQL","level":4,"score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3887999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520968082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134550","display_name":"Transliteration","level":2,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120876096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11761","display_name":"Bronze Age","level":2,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985422158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q518350","display_name":"Copper alloy","level":3,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781018962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164884","display_name":"Container (type theory)","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3653659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3653659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3653659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3653659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.571252167224884}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1711024809","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022FY101500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20603725","https://openalex.org/W1539051150","https://openalex.org/W1575375439","https://openalex.org/W1809045797","https://openalex.org/W1982062399","https://openalex.org/W1985080649","https://openalex.org/W2098113334","https://openalex.org/W2144488239","https://openalex.org/W2329431072","https://openalex.org/W2408268542","https://openalex.org/W2550355384","https://openalex.org/W2774244839","https://openalex.org/W3100128150","https://openalex.org/W3134728289","https://openalex.org/W3168010755","https://openalex.org/W3176077059","https://openalex.org/W3176091158","https://openalex.org/W3210617681","https://openalex.org/W4244275182","https://openalex.org/W4288042483","https://openalex.org/W4302436610","https://openalex.org/W4323545276","https://openalex.org/W4327909724","https://openalex.org/W4376132687","https://openalex.org/W4381250604","https://openalex.org/W4381853131","https://openalex.org/W4384523648","https://openalex.org/W4385791024","https://openalex.org/W4388438855","https://openalex.org/W4391686126","https://openalex.org/W4396668005","https://openalex.org/W4403259656","https://openalex.org/W4406480048"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"bronze":[1,163],"artifacts":[2],"of":[3,11,38],"the":[4,36,118],"Shang":[5,48,162],"Dynasty":[6,49],"serve":[7],"as":[8,145],"pivotal":[9],"carriers":[10],"early":[12],"Chinese":[13],"civilization\u2019s":[14],"technological":[15],"and":[16,24,72,87,102,113,136],"cultural":[17],"achievements,":[18],"with":[19,117],"their":[20],"intricate":[21],"classification":[22],"systems":[23],"multidimensional":[25],"attributes":[26],"(e.g.,":[27],"metallurgical":[28],"composition,":[29],"casting":[30,70],"techniques,":[31],"social":[32],"functions)":[33],"urgently":[34],"requiring":[35],"support":[37],"structured":[39],"semantic":[40,78],"models.":[41],"This":[42],"paper":[43],"presents":[44],"OSDBA":[45,65,150],"(Ontology":[46],"for":[47,157],"Bronze":[50],"Artifacts),":[51],"a":[52,76,109,146,152],"bilingual":[53,110],"ontology":[54],"designed":[55],"to":[56,125],"overcome":[57],"data":[58,94],"interoperability":[59],"challenges":[60],"by":[61],"integrating":[62],"archaeometallurgical":[63],"knowledge.":[64],"integrates":[66],"concepts":[67],"from":[68],"typology,":[69],"technology,":[71],"alloy":[73],"science":[74],"into":[75],"unified":[77],"framework.":[79],"Comprising":[80],"eight":[81],"core":[82],"classes,":[83,89],"totaling":[84],"one":[85,96,103],"hundred":[86,99,104],"seven":[88,90],"object":[91],"properties,":[92,95],"six":[93,98],"thousand":[97],"fifty-one":[100],"axioms,":[101],"thirty":[105],"individuals,":[106],"it":[107],"features":[108],"(Chinese-English)":[111],"schema":[112],"is":[114],"explicitly":[115],"aligned":[116],"CIDOC":[119],"Conceptual":[120],"Reference":[121],"Model":[122],"(ISO":[123],"21127:2023)":[124],"ensure":[126],"broad":[127],"interoperability.":[128],"Logical":[129],"consistency":[130],"was":[131,139],"validated":[132],"using":[133],"standard":[134],"reasoners,":[135],"functional":[137],"utility":[138],"demonstrated":[140],"through":[141],"SPARQL":[142],"queries.":[143],"Published":[144],"machine-readable":[147],"OWL":[148],"file,":[149],"provides":[151],"foundational,":[153],"extensible":[154],"knowledge":[155],"base":[156],"facilitating":[158],"integrated":[159],"research":[160],"on":[161],"culture.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-13T13:36:01.753593","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}
