{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123359128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3652346","title":"Assessment of Spaceborne SAR Micro-Motion Measurement for Vibration-Based SHM","display_name":"Assessment of Spaceborne SAR Micro-Motion Measurement for Vibration-Based SHM","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123359128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3652346"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3652346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3652346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3652346","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001564909","display_name":"Aleksanteri B. Vattulainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1898-600X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aleksanteri B. Vattulainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092872098","display_name":"A. Lotti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Lotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122884071","display_name":"Sebasti\u00e1n D\u00edaz Riofr\u00edo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebasti\u00e1n D\u00edaz Riofr\u00edo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120058715","display_name":"CHIARA SUPPI","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiara Suppi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025305326","display_name":"Enrico Tubaldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8565-8917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Tubaldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108796923","display_name":"Daniele Zonta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Zonta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122879386","display_name":"Pietro Milillo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pietro Milillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016230392","display_name":"C. Clemente","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmine Clemente","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001564909"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":93.5829,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99369038,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"6043","last_page":"6064"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.7563999891281128,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.7563999891281128,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.1274999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.0421999990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7023000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subpixel-rendering","display_name":"Subpixel rendering","score":0.6514000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","score":0.460099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.4433000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4277999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4043000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","score":0.396699994802475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7281000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7046999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7023000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68516990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452912","display_name":"Subpixel rendering","level":3,"score":0.6514000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109094680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060432","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","level":4,"score":0.460099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.4433000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4277999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4043000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.35519999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.3504999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776247918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423713","display_name":"Structural health monitoring","level":2,"score":0.35040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195766429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q394","display_name":"Metrology","level":2,"score":0.34549999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.33629998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.3287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161475128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6746448","display_name":"Man-portable radar","level":5,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62282787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831483","display_name":"Side looking airborne radar","level":5,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183365957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17140402","display_name":"Remote sensing application","level":3,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198394728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Vibration","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138827492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6661985","display_name":"Data processing","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36067731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7572176","display_name":"Space-based radar","level":5,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3652346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3652346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3652346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3652346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6416853666305542}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2113840473","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNH23ZDA001N-CNVOE","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4641483457","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"I-2023-00446","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","funder_display_name":"European Space Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5078688465","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4000142272/23/I-DT","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","funder_display_name":"European Space Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6030349617","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNH24ZDA001N-CESRA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7331606721","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNH22ZDA001N-CSDSA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023508556","https://openalex.org/W2034018890","https://openalex.org/W2063826109","https://openalex.org/W2085025773","https://openalex.org/W2120356561","https://openalex.org/W2130175225","https://openalex.org/W2153594606","https://openalex.org/W2160151838","https://openalex.org/W2162301510","https://openalex.org/W2171912497","https://openalex.org/W2310792821","https://openalex.org/W2560014916","https://openalex.org/W2613406509","https://openalex.org/W2613691471","https://openalex.org/W2762804468","https://openalex.org/W2950414052","https://openalex.org/W3006478340","https://openalex.org/W3092947326","https://openalex.org/W3096872115","https://openalex.org/W3110125895","https://openalex.org/W3138954036","https://openalex.org/W4252713891","https://openalex.org/W4283159488","https://openalex.org/W4320494351","https://openalex.org/W4366201247","https://openalex.org/W4387025862","https://openalex.org/W4388333768","https://openalex.org/W4402262197","https://openalex.org/W4404471943","https://openalex.org/W4405491418","https://openalex.org/W4407782643","https://openalex.org/W4408092819","https://openalex.org/W4408770541","https://openalex.org/W4411171661","https://openalex.org/W4411447681"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remote":[0],"sensing":[1,17],"methods":[2],"for":[3,18,39,167],"vibration-based":[4],"structural":[5,59],"health":[6],"monitoring":[7],"(VBSHM)":[8],"are":[9,109],"gaining":[10],"interest":[11],"given":[12],"the":[13,37,56,90,127,165],"benefits":[14],"of":[15,58,83,115,170],"non-contact":[16],"this":[19],"application:":[20],"broader":[21],"spatial":[22],"coverage,":[23],"easier":[24],"measurement":[25,44,57],"access":[26],"to":[27,102,106,132,140,149,159],"structures":[28],"such":[29],"as":[30,97],"bridges,":[31],"and":[32,152],"cost":[33],"savings":[34],"from":[35,61,111,147,157],"reducing":[36],"need":[38],"embedded":[40],"sensor":[41],"networks.":[42],"Vibration":[43],"using":[45,86],"micro-Doppler":[46],"synthetic":[47,62],"aperture":[48,63],"radar":[49,64,74],"(MDSAR)":[50],"is":[51],"an":[52],"emerging":[53],"technique":[54,128],"enabling":[55],"vibrations":[60],"(SAR)":[65],"satellite":[66],"data,":[67],"exploiting":[68],"recent":[69],"advancements":[70],"in":[71],"high-resolution":[72],"X-band":[73],"imaging.":[75],"This":[76],"paper":[77],"presents":[78],"a":[79,98],"detailed":[80],"metrological":[81],"assessment":[82],"MDSAR":[84],"\u2013":[85,101],"processing":[87],"based":[88],"on":[89],"pre-existing":[91],"subpixel":[92],"offset":[93],"tracking":[94],"(SPOT)":[95],"concept":[96],"representative":[99],"method":[100],"evaluate":[103],"its":[104],"applicability":[105],"VBSHM.":[107],"Measurements":[108],"made":[110],"real":[112],"SAR":[113],"images":[114],"vibrating":[116],"targets":[117],"with":[118,137,145],"synchronous":[119],"ground":[120],"truth":[121],"data.":[122],"The":[123],"results":[124,163],"verify":[125],"that":[126],"can":[129],"be":[130],"used":[131],"measure":[133],"target":[134],"motion":[135],"time-histories":[136],"dynamics":[138],"relevant":[139],"SHM,":[141],"namely":[142],"different":[143],"modulations":[144],"frequencies":[146],"1":[148],"4":[150],"Hz,":[151],"radial":[153],"RMS":[154],"displacement":[155],"amplitudes":[156],"10.43":[158],"0.10":[160],"mm.":[161],"These":[162],"pave":[164],"way":[166],"future":[168],"measurements":[169],"infrastructure.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}
