{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118166864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3650550","title":"Deep Learning-Based Dog Expression Recognition","display_name":"Deep Learning-Based Dog Expression Recognition","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118166864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3650550"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3650550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3650550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3650550","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121959602","display_name":"Dong-Lin Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153512688","display_name":"National Taiwan Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bvvnt49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153512688"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Lin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153512688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067328335","display_name":"Shih-Kai Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153512688","display_name":"National Taiwan Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bvvnt49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153512688"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Kai Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153512688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121948325","display_name":"Yu-Chieh Tsai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153512688","display_name":"National Taiwan Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bvvnt49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153512688"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Chieh Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153512688"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121959602"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153512688"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03265306,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"5675","last_page":"5683"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11214","display_name":"Human-Animal Interaction Studies","score":0.6769999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11214","display_name":"Human-Animal Interaction Studies","score":0.6769999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.053300000727176666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.022299999371170998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5835999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5512999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-recognition","display_name":"Emotion recognition","score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5227000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.4691999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.4578999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.45179998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.44940000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-detection","display_name":"Emotion detection","score":0.43970000743865967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6801999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5835999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5512999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion recognition","level":2,"score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5227000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.4691999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.4578999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.45179998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44940000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988148770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion detection","level":3,"score":0.43970000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4000999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.392300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.3853999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3506999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206310091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750859","display_name":"Emotion classification","level":2,"score":0.3447999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987714656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","level":4,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13355873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984634286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331926","display_name":"Decision process","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3650550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3650550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3650550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3650550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5779305100440979,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009375902","https://openalex.org/W2044753854","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2732058450","https://openalex.org/W2886041488","https://openalex.org/W2980463312","https://openalex.org/W3214746690","https://openalex.org/W4308385799","https://openalex.org/W4313454936","https://openalex.org/W4388823657","https://openalex.org/W4400330384"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"life":[1],"is":[2,160,209],"generally":[3],"stressful,":[4],"so":[5],"many":[6],"people":[7],"choose":[8],"to":[9,44,79,130,163,187,214],"keep":[10],"pets":[11],"as":[12,137,172],"a":[13,47,64,110,210],"source":[14],"of":[15,21,39,73,84,92,112,133,154,206],"emotional":[16,90],"support.":[17],"Dogs":[18],"are":[19],"one":[20],"the":[22,55,82,88,100,125,134,152,165,169,173,198,201],"most":[23],"popular":[24],"choices":[25],"for":[26,70,118,176],"pets.":[27,60,106],"However,":[28],"dogs":[29,94],"cannot":[30,33],"speak":[31],"and":[32,37,53,59,98,104,141,149,184,191],"express":[34],"their":[35,93,105],"emotions":[36,49,83,117,153],"state":[38,91],"mind.":[40],"Therefore,":[41],"being":[42],"able":[43],"effectively":[45],"interpret":[46],"dog\u2019s":[48],"can":[50],"help":[51],"establish":[52],"improve":[54,189],"relationship":[56],"between":[57,102],"humans":[58],"This":[61],"paper":[62],"proposes":[63],"system":[65,77],"based":[66],"on":[67],"deep":[68],"learning":[69,186],"automatic":[71],"recognition":[72,195],"dog":[74,147],"expressions.":[75],"The":[76,107,120,157,179],"aims":[78],"quickly":[80],"identify":[81],"pets,":[85],"thereby":[86],"predicting":[87],"current":[89],"at":[95],"any":[96],"time,":[97],"strengthening":[99],"connection":[101],"owners":[103],"study":[108,202],"uses":[109,124],"dataset":[111],"Border":[113],"Collies":[114],"containing":[115,146],"five":[116],"training.":[119],"prediction":[121],"process":[122],"first":[123],"YOLOv8":[126],"object":[127],"detection":[128],"model":[129],"detect":[131],"parts":[132],"face":[135],"such":[136],"ears,":[138],"eyes,":[139],"mouth,":[140],"nose":[142],"in":[143,168],"single-frame":[144,170],"images":[145],"faces,":[148],"automatically":[150],"classifies":[151],"these":[155],"parts.":[156],"confidence-weighted":[158],"method":[159],"then":[161],"used":[162],"calculate":[164],"highest-scoring":[166],"emotion":[167,194],"image":[171],"decision":[174],"result":[175],"each":[177],"target.":[178],"experiment":[180],"combines":[181],"data":[182],"augmentation":[183],"transfer":[185],"further":[188],"accuracy":[190,205],"obtain":[192],"better":[193],"results.":[196],"Through":[197],"proposed":[199],"method,":[200],"achieves":[203],"an":[204],"90%,":[207],"which":[208],"32%":[211],"improvement":[212],"compared":[213],"other":[215],"related":[216],"studies":[217],"abroad.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-17T23:10:49.606395","created_date":"2026-01-05T00:00:00"}