{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117836916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3650102","title":"Socioeconomic Vulnerability-Based Resilience Assessment Metric for Power Distribution Systems","display_name":"Socioeconomic Vulnerability-Based Resilience Assessment Metric for Power Distribution Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117836916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3650102"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3650102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3650102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3650102","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093428602","display_name":"Amulya Sreejith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amulya Sreejith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093428603","display_name":"Prudhviraj Dhanapala","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prudhviraj Dhanapala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008220079","display_name":"Rahul Madbhavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7242-6436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Madbhavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003778401","display_name":"Balasubramaniam Natarajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6429-9003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Balasubramaniam Natarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121624714","display_name":"Anil Pahwa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil Pahwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113640892","display_name":"Jason B. Bergtold","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason S. Bergtold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093428602"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5841545,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"2647","last_page":"2660"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.4075999855995178,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.4075999855995178,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.29350000619888306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.1348000019788742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5891000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5882999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-resilience","display_name":"Psychological resilience","score":0.5101000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-resilience","display_name":"Community resilience","score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.4433000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-weather","display_name":"Extreme weather","score":0.4397999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4244999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","score":0.3921999931335449}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6258000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5891000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5882999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.5101000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779488668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457767","display_name":"Community resilience","level":3,"score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.4433000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205537798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277161","display_name":"Extreme weather","level":3,"score":0.4397999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4244999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.3921999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.35749998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112758219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16038819","display_name":"Duration (music)","level":2,"score":0.3546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance metric","level":2,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778098375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19596433","display_name":"Composite index","level":3,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62555980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460420","display_name":"Emergency management","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3650102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3650102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3650102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3650102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3569761531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OIA2148878","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G429150978","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-EE0010416","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337712","funder_display_name":"Solar Energy Technologies Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4388661679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-EE0010416","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337712","display_name":"Solar Energy Technologies Office","ror":"https://ror.org/033jmdj81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508221334","https://openalex.org/W1980300379","https://openalex.org/W2079591656","https://openalex.org/W2092302001","https://openalex.org/W2157009424","https://openalex.org/W2341185148","https://openalex.org/W2501501036","https://openalex.org/W2587190936","https://openalex.org/W2626793377","https://openalex.org/W2743186926","https://openalex.org/W2800103398","https://openalex.org/W2803035763","https://openalex.org/W2805130487","https://openalex.org/W2953407912","https://openalex.org/W3035348777","https://openalex.org/W3126444502","https://openalex.org/W3208901568","https://openalex.org/W4206493402","https://openalex.org/W4281568381","https://openalex.org/W4360991136","https://openalex.org/W4387308215","https://openalex.org/W4389372232","https://openalex.org/W4391097532","https://openalex.org/W4392192766","https://openalex.org/W4392780478","https://openalex.org/W4395695946"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Power":[0],"distribution":[1],"systems":[2],"face":[3],"increasing":[4],"threats":[5],"from":[6,95,125],"extreme":[7],"weather":[8,123],"events,":[9],"with":[10],"disproportionate":[11],"impacts":[12],"on":[13,136],"socioeconomically":[14],"vulnerable":[15,157],"communities.":[16],"Traditional":[17],"resilience":[18,45,109,171],"metrics":[19,146],"often":[20],"overlook":[21],"these":[22],"disparities":[23],"by":[24],"treating":[25],"communities":[26,158],"as":[27],"homogeneous,":[28],"limiting":[29],"their":[30],"usefulness":[31],"in":[32,159],"equitable":[33,152],"planning":[34,131,162],"and":[35,70,91,100,106,122,128,151,161,173,185],"operation.":[36],"This":[37],"paper":[38],"proposes":[39],"a":[40,81,148],"novel,":[41],"community-centric":[42],"framework":[43,114],"for":[44],"quantification":[46],"that":[47,144],"integrates":[48],"socioeconomic":[49],"vulnerability":[50],"into":[51,77],"conventional":[52],"reliability-based":[53],"measures.":[54],"Specifically,":[55],"we":[56],"introduce":[57],"modified":[58],"versions":[59],"of":[60,67,132,154],"utility-familiar":[61],"indices,":[62],"including":[63],"event-based":[64],"Customer":[65],"Minutes":[66],"Interruption":[68,72],"(E-CMI)":[69],"CustomerAverage":[71],"Duration":[73],"Index":[74],"(E-CAIDI),":[75],"extended":[76],"weighted":[78,145],"forms":[79],"using":[80],"Generalized":[82],"Community":[83],"Vulnerability":[84],"Score":[85],"(GCVS).":[86],"The":[87,164],"GCVS":[88],"captures":[89],"demographic":[90],"economic":[92],"factors":[93],"derived":[94],"publicly":[96],"available":[97],"census":[98],"data":[99,124],"industry":[101],"reports,":[102],"enabling":[103],"spatiotemporally":[104],"sensitive":[105],"computationally":[107],"tractable":[108],"assessment.":[110],"We":[111],"demonstrate":[112],"the":[113,137,168],"through":[115],"two":[116],"case":[117],"studies:":[118],"(i)":[119],"real-world":[120],"outage":[121],"southwest":[126],"Kansas,":[127],"(ii)":[129],"optimal":[130],"distributed":[133],"energy":[134],"resources":[135],"IEEE":[138],"37-node":[139],"test":[140],"system.":[141],"Results":[142],"highlight":[143],"provide":[147],"more":[149],"holistic":[150],"representation":[153],"resilience,":[155],"prioritizing":[156],"restoration":[160],"decisions.":[163],"proposed":[165],"approach":[166],"bridges":[167],"gap":[169],"between":[170],"research":[172],"field":[174],"application,":[175],"offering":[176],"utilities":[177],"practical":[178],"tools":[179],"to":[180],"enhance":[181],"both":[182],"technical":[183],"performance":[184],"community":[186],"equity.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-12-31T00:00:00"}