{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117682050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3649779","title":"From Strategy to Structure: Guiding Code Quality With GPST in Game-Based Programming Environments","display_name":"From Strategy to Structure: Guiding Code Quality With GPST in Game-Based Programming Environments","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117682050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3649779"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3649779","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3649779","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3649779","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072549272","display_name":"Chien-Wei Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chien-Wei Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1567-4857","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121618228","display_name":"Yi-Hsuan Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Hsuan Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1770-7082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111938762","display_name":"Hewijin Christine Jiau","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hewijin Christine Jiau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6686401,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"4152","last_page":"4161"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.5022000074386597,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.5022000074386597,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.29589998722076416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.06159999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-refactoring","display_name":"Code refactoring","score":0.8460999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pace","display_name":"Pace","score":0.5246999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.46779999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4625000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.43950000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-programming","display_name":"Inductive programming","score":0.4291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.38929998874664307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152752567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116877","display_name":"Code refactoring","level":3,"score":0.8460999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7980999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.6122000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.5246999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.46779999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4625000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.43950000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50033165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15712089","display_name":"Inductive programming","level":3,"score":0.4291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.38929998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174063052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q607013","display_name":"Pair programming","level":4,"score":0.3831999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150292731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1342704","display_name":"Code review","level":5,"score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.3260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143587482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543216","display_name":"Iterative and incremental development","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33857546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80006","display_name":"Computer programming","level":2,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137287247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329550","display_name":"Static program analysis","level":4,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122944926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209711","display_name":"Extreme programming","level":5,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99613125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165194","display_name":"Application programming interface","level":2,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131531359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421926","display_name":"Extensible programming","level":5,"score":0.26170000433921814}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3649779","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3649779","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3649779","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3649779","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1258118716","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"113-2221-E006-219","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7892874245","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"114-2221-E006-207","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992006996","https://openalex.org/W2038196567","https://openalex.org/W2070111972","https://openalex.org/W2106073596","https://openalex.org/W2106376880","https://openalex.org/W2116119142","https://openalex.org/W2138756793","https://openalex.org/W2141069252","https://openalex.org/W2159076953","https://openalex.org/W2161407365","https://openalex.org/W2294761883","https://openalex.org/W2505438675","https://openalex.org/W2523089144","https://openalex.org/W2733326635","https://openalex.org/W2772634841","https://openalex.org/W2900538539","https://openalex.org/W3080486077","https://openalex.org/W4236881562","https://openalex.org/W4284704125","https://openalex.org/W4383749497","https://openalex.org/W4386478276","https://openalex.org/W4392564437","https://openalex.org/W4393870628"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Enhancing":[0],"programming":[1,23,55,69],"skills":[2,56,87],"is":[3],"essential":[4],"for":[5,99,180],"developers":[6],"to":[7,14,29,46,102,140],"keep":[8],"pace":[9],"with":[10,123],"technological":[11],"advancements":[12],"and":[13,33,48,93,134,147,172],"maintain":[15],"effective":[16],"participation":[17],"in":[18,143],"software":[19],"development":[20],"practices.":[21],"Game-based":[22],"platforms":[24],"have":[25],"been":[26],"widely":[27],"adopted":[28],"promote":[30],"learner":[31],"engagement":[32],"skill":[34],"acquisition.":[35],"However,":[36],"without":[37],"structured":[38],"guidance,":[39,133],"programmers":[40],"may":[41],"adopt":[42],"ineffective":[43],"strategies,":[44],"leading":[45],"stagnation":[47],"wasted":[49],"effort.":[50],"This":[51],"paper":[52],"investigates":[53],"the":[54,152,168],"developed":[57],"through":[58],"ELOP,":[59],"a":[60,162],"competitive":[61],"game-based":[62,156],"training":[63,136],"platform":[64,119],"that":[65,79,120],"has":[66],"accumulated":[67],"longitudinal":[68],"data":[70],"from":[71,161],"hundreds":[72],"of":[73,155,170],"users.":[74],"A":[75],"mixed-methods":[76],"analysis":[77],"reveals":[78],"while":[80,150,177],"ELOP":[81,122],"fosters":[82],"iterative":[83],"strategy":[84],"refinement,":[85],"key":[86],"such":[88],"as":[89],"writing":[90],"well-documented":[91],"code":[92,128,149],"refactoring":[94],"maintainable":[95,148],"programs":[96],"remain":[97],"difficult":[98],"many":[100],"learners":[101,142],"master.":[103],"To":[104],"address":[105],"these":[106],"challenges,":[107],"we":[108],"present":[109],"<italic":[110],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[111],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">GPST</i>":[112],"(Game-based":[113],"Programming":[114],"Skill":[115],"Trainer),":[116],"an":[117],"extended":[118],"augments":[121],"instructional":[124],"features":[125],"including":[126],"automated":[127],"smell":[129],"detection,":[130],"comment":[131],"quality":[132],"targeted":[135],"materials.":[137],"GPST":[138,171],"aims":[139],"support":[141],"developing":[144],"clean,":[145],"readable,":[146],"preserving":[151],"motivational":[153],"benefits":[154],"learning.":[157],"Preliminary":[158],"evaluation":[159],"results":[160],"small-scale":[163],"pilot":[164],"study":[165],"(n=5)":[166],"demonstrate":[167],"feasibility":[169],"suggest":[173],"positive":[174],"learning":[175],"outcomes,":[176],"indicating":[178],"directions":[179],"larger":[181],"future":[182],"deployments.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-12-31T00:00:00"}