{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117542536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3649657","title":"Human-LLM Collaboration Framework for Translating Health Instruments","display_name":"Human-LLM Collaboration Framework for Translating Health Instruments","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117542536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3649657"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3649657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3649657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3649657","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029326073","display_name":"Hind Bitar Bitar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hind Bitar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019672674","display_name":"Omaima Almatrafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2105-2275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omaima Almatrafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010343581","display_name":"Amal Babour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0365-3889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amal Babour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121210996","display_name":"Ohoud Alzamzami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ohoud Alzamzami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mayda Alrige","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1315-7053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mayda Alrige","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070802212","display_name":"Sarah Alismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9504-4326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801459090","display_name":"Shura Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05arhrm06","country_code":"SA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801459090"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Alismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Population Health, Council of Health Insurance, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Population Health, Council of Health Insurance, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801459090"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029326073"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60007319,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"1618","last_page":"1628"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.3587999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.3587999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.05869999900460243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.04470000043511391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.6026999950408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-translation","display_name":"Knowledge translation","score":0.5708000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.5615000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluency","display_name":"Fluency","score":0.5343000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosine-similarity","display_name":"Cosine similarity","score":0.5213000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5020999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaluation-of-machine-translation","display_name":"Evaluation of machine translation","score":0.4535999894142151}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.722100019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.6026999950408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777921204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66104672","display_name":"Knowledge translation","level":2,"score":0.5708000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.5615000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777413886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276013","display_name":"Fluency","level":2,"score":0.5343000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780762811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784941","display_name":"Cosine similarity","level":3,"score":0.5213000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5020999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4893999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135784402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6958279","display_name":"Evaluation of machine translation","level":5,"score":0.4535999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41850000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4153999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.41179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.36239999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986862884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7553","display_name":"Language translation","level":3,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987857752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Human health","level":2,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2632000148296356}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3649657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3649657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3649657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3649657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.545765221118927,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971827374","https://openalex.org/W2048795968","https://openalex.org/W2078199993","https://openalex.org/W2082216817","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2156702515","https://openalex.org/W2970641574","https://openalex.org/W3087105636","https://openalex.org/W4220806038","https://openalex.org/W4309674289","https://openalex.org/W4323655724","https://openalex.org/W4365512576","https://openalex.org/W4385227045","https://openalex.org/W4385632485","https://openalex.org/W4386428294","https://openalex.org/W4387325625","https://openalex.org/W4389312724","https://openalex.org/W4391136507","https://openalex.org/W4391855109","https://openalex.org/W4394814366","https://openalex.org/W4396654741","https://openalex.org/W4399750638","https://openalex.org/W4401042535","https://openalex.org/W4401042992","https://openalex.org/W4406857298","https://openalex.org/W4407058084"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0,70],"language":[1],"models":[2],"have":[3],"revolutionized":[4],"various":[5],"sectors,":[6],"including":[7,45],"education":[8],"and":[9,19,36,47,69,90,99,107,110,142,162,230],"healthcare,":[10],"by":[11,194],"demonstrating":[12],"significant":[13],"advancements":[14],"in":[15,61,121,216],"producing":[16],"human-like":[17],"text":[18],"enhancing":[20],"translation":[21,32,59,85,106,116,229,242,246],"accuracy.":[22],"Despite":[23],"these":[24],"advancements,":[25],"the":[26,40,58,80,115,122,129,145,174,198,235],"conventional":[27],"process":[28],"of":[29,42,52,83,117,140,155,160,173,184,188,202,210,219,237],"cross-cultural":[30,241],"instrument":[31,84,179],"remains":[33],"labor-intensive,":[34],"expensive,":[35],"heavily":[37],"dependent":[38],"on":[39],"expertise":[41,98],"human":[43,97,169],"professionals,":[44],"translators":[46],"healthcare":[48],"specialists.":[49],"The":[50,93,134],"objective":[51],"this":[53],"study":[54,65],"is":[55],"to":[56,78,114,127,228,239],"address":[57],"challenges":[60],"health-related":[62],"instruments.":[63,147],"This":[64,233],"introduces":[66],"a":[67,158,208],"Human":[68,171],"Language":[71],"Models":[72],"Collaboration":[73],"Framework,":[74],"called":[75],"H-LLMCF,":[76],"designed":[77],"automate":[79],"key":[81],"steps":[82],"while":[86,244],"maintaining":[87,245],"linguistic":[88],"precision":[89],"cultural":[91],"appropriateness.":[92],"proposed":[94,135],"framework":[95,130,136],"integrates":[96],"LLM":[100],"capabilities":[101],"across":[102],"two":[103,118,146],"phases:":[104],"AI-guided":[105],"human-guided":[108],"evaluation":[109,172],"refinement.":[111],"When":[112],"applied":[113],"validated":[119],"instruments":[120],"health":[123],"sector":[124],"from":[125,212],"English":[126],"Arabic,":[128],"demonstrated":[131],"promising":[132],"outcomes.":[133],"achieved":[137],"BLEU":[138],"scores":[139],"~0.54":[141],"~66":[143],"for":[144,153,221],"SBERT-based":[148],"cosine":[149],"similarity":[150],"exceeded":[151],"0.85":[152],"80%":[154],"items,":[156,204],"with":[157,168,186],"mean":[159],"~0.92":[161],"~0.96,":[163],"indicating":[164],"strong":[165],"semantic":[166],"alignment":[167],"translations.":[170],"35-item":[175],"HPV":[176],"Knowledge":[177],"Assessment":[178],"yielded":[180],"an":[181,217],"average":[182],"I-CVI":[183,218],"1.00,":[185],"91.42%":[187],"items":[189],"rated":[190],"as":[191],"fully":[192],"acceptable":[193],"both":[195,213],"reviewers.":[196],"For":[197],"KIDMED":[199],"instrument,":[200],"out":[201],"16":[203],"15":[205],"(93.75%)":[206],"received":[207],"rating":[209],"3":[211],"reviewers,":[214],"resulting":[215],"1.00":[220],"those":[222],"items.":[223],"Most":[224],"discrepancies":[225],"were":[226],"linked":[227],"fluency":[231],"adaptation.":[232],"highlights":[234],"potential":[236],"LLMs":[238],"enhance":[240],"processes":[243],"quality.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-12-30T00:00:00"}
