{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117503711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3648945","title":"Dual-Branch Semi-Supervised Deep Learning for Improved Lung Cancer Diagnosis With Metabolomics","display_name":"Dual-Branch Semi-Supervised Deep Learning for Improved Lung Cancer Diagnosis With Metabolomics","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117503711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3648945"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3648945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3648945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3648945","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7495-805X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110108","display_name":"Aerospace Center Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01yb3sb52","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110108"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Genertec Aerospace Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7495-805X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Genertec Aerospace Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110108"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101744564","display_name":"Xinbo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0948-4449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111381250","display_name":"Hebei Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04eymdx19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111381250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106405","display_name":"Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mdjbm03","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinbo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111381250","https://openalex.org/I4210106405"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100683267","display_name":"Chao Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6671-7819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111381250","display_name":"Hebei Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04eymdx19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111381250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111381250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121448046","display_name":"Jinze Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111381250","display_name":"Hebei Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04eymdx19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111381250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106405","display_name":"Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mdjbm03","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinze Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111381250","https://openalex.org/I4210106405"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121509421","display_name":"Xuanyu Meng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093609","display_name":"Digital China Health (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00n49pr77","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093609"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuanyu Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Strategy Planning and Consulting Department, Genertec Digital Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strategy Planning and Consulting Department, Genertec Digital Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121516028","display_name":"Jin Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6758-7709","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011581597","display_name":"Xianjun Min","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1945-3259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110108","display_name":"Aerospace Center Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01yb3sb52","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110108"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianjun Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Genertec Aerospace Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Genertec Aerospace Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110108"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.4868,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71118382,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"4792","last_page":"4803"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10836","display_name":"Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies","score":0.5884000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10836","display_name":"Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies","score":0.5884000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.2084999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11297","display_name":"Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis","score":0.021800000220537186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolome","display_name":"Metabolome","score":0.7703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-cancer","display_name":"Lung cancer","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolomics","display_name":"Metabolomics","score":0.6608999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5138000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarker-discovery","display_name":"Biomarker discovery","score":0.44679999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.4187000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profiling","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","score":0.39969998598098755}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135870905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903667","display_name":"Metabolome","level":3,"score":0.7703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776256026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47912","display_name":"Lung cancer","level":2,"score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21565614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12149006","display_name":"Metabolomics","level":2,"score":0.6608999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5138000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49410000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124535831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915074","display_name":"Biomarker discovery","level":4,"score":0.44679999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.428600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.4187000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41339999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.39969998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163763905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075943","display_name":"Precision medicine","level":2,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781230642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492646","display_name":"Targeted therapy","level":3,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777914349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18205885","display_name":"Causes of cancer","level":3,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157585117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158666","display_name":"Omics","level":2,"score":0.28859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777405583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6704277","display_name":"Lung cancer screening","level":3,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778807442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6152005","display_name":"Treatment of lung cancer","level":3,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9357733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878417","display_name":"Missing data","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3648945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3648945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3648945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3648945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7130658030509949}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6307211423","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"C20220510","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336591","funder_display_name":"Hebei Province Graduate Innovation Funding Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6856889537","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KC2023-JX-0186-PM021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315893","funder_display_name":"VNU Science and Technology Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8330573795","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KC2023-JX-0186-PQ013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315893","funder_display_name":"VNU Science and Technology Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315893","display_name":"VNU Science and Technology Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/044vr6g03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336591","display_name":"Hebei Province Graduate Innovation Funding Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2951837249","https://openalex.org/W2957352479","https://openalex.org/W2992008718","https://openalex.org/W3042614271","https://openalex.org/W3105613063","https://openalex.org/W3192493086","https://openalex.org/W3207326331","https://openalex.org/W3208123223","https://openalex.org/W3212098421","https://openalex.org/W4205177974","https://openalex.org/W4210300668","https://openalex.org/W4220718053","https://openalex.org/W4220786382","https://openalex.org/W4221085922","https://openalex.org/W4280506158","https://openalex.org/W4296701842","https://openalex.org/W4306250152","https://openalex.org/W4306956432","https://openalex.org/W4312085643","https://openalex.org/W4318754366","https://openalex.org/W4382929372","https://openalex.org/W4391107757","https://openalex.org/W4399971149","https://openalex.org/W4405515712","https://openalex.org/W4408078107","https://openalex.org/W4408460145","https://openalex.org/W4409018638","https://openalex.org/W4412388245"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Metabolomics,":[0],"a":[1,84,97,112,121,130,159,174],"comprehensive":[2,98],"omics":[3],"approach":[4],"for":[5,17,73,124,177,217,230],"profiling":[6],"small-molecule":[7],"metabolites":[8,103],"within":[9],"biological":[10],"systems,":[11],"has":[12],"become":[13],"an":[14],"indispensable":[15],"tool":[16],"disease":[18],"diagnosis,":[19],"prognostic":[20],"assessment,":[21],"and":[22,43,63,147,163,183],"prediction":[23],"of":[24,50,54,100,116,204],"therapeutic":[25],"response.":[26],"In":[27],"lung":[28,101,221],"cancer":[29,47,110,117,222],"research,":[30],"metabolomics":[31,141],"shows":[32],"particular":[33],"promise,":[34],"notably":[35],"in":[36,233],"early":[37,125,231],"detection,":[38],"subtype":[39],"classification,":[40],"treatment":[41,61],"monitoring,":[42],"outcome":[44],"prediction.":[45],"Lung":[46,78,109,152,234],"remains":[48,111],"one":[49],"the":[51,70,151,205,209,226],"leading":[52,113],"causes":[53],"cancer-related":[55,102],"mortality":[56],"worldwide,":[57],"characterized":[58],"by":[59,95],"high":[60,148],"costs":[62],"persistently":[64],"low":[65,193],"5-year":[66],"survival":[67],"rates,":[68],"underscoring":[69],"urgent":[71,227],"need":[72,123,229],"improved":[74],"diagnostic":[75,126],"strategies.":[76],"The":[77],"Cancer":[79,153],"Metabolome":[80,154],"Database":[81,155],"(LCMD)":[82],"is":[83],"pioneering,":[85],"freely":[86],"accessible":[87],"online":[88],"resource":[89],"designed":[90],"to":[91,139,186],"address":[92,140],"these":[93],"challenges":[94,143],"providing":[96],"repository":[99],"identified":[104],"from":[105],"mass":[106],"spectrometry-based":[107],"studies.":[108],"global":[114,160],"cause":[115],"related":[118],"mortality,":[119],"with":[120],"critical":[122],"tools.":[127],"We":[128,157],"propose":[129],"novel":[131,168],"Dual":[132],"Branch":[133],"Semi-supervised":[134],"deep":[135],"Learning":[136],"(DBSL)":[137],"framework":[138],"data":[142],"limited":[144],"labeled":[145,199],"samples":[146],"missingness":[149],"using":[150],"(LCMD).":[156],"design":[158,173],"temporal":[161],"patterns":[162],"local":[164],"feature":[165],"interactions":[166],"(a":[167],"Multi-Features":[169],"Consistency":[170],"Attention,":[171],"MFCA).We":[172],"semi-supervised":[175],"optimization":[176],"leveraging":[178],"pseudo":[179],"labeling,":[180],"stochastic":[181],"augmentation,":[182],"consistency":[184],"loss":[185],"exploit":[187],"unlabeled":[188],"data.":[189],"Evaluated":[190],"under":[191],"extreme":[192],"label":[194],"regimes":[195],"(5%,":[196],"10%,":[197],"15%":[198],"data),":[200],"DBSL":[201],"achieves":[202],"state":[203],"art":[206],"performance":[207],"on":[208],"LCMD":[210],"dataset.":[211],"These":[212],"results":[213],"demonstrate":[214],"DBSL\u2019s":[215],"potential":[216],"scalable,":[218],"cost":[219],"effective":[220],"diagnostics,":[223],"directly":[224],"addressing":[225],"clinical":[228],"intervention":[232],"Cancer.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-12-29T00:00:00"}