{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7116680611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3646941","title":"Advancing Multilingual Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Reliable Medication Counseling","display_name":"Advancing Multilingual Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Reliable Medication Counseling","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7116680611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3646941"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3646941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3646941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3646941","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121001380","display_name":"El Bazzi Mohamed Salim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088687","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Ibn Zohr","ror":"https://ror.org/006sgpv47","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088687"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"El Bazzi Mohamed Salim","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRF-SIC Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6446-307X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRF-SIC Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088687"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120980825","display_name":"Taha Anass","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088687","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Ibn Zohr","ror":"https://ror.org/006sgpv47","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088687"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taha Anass","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Taroudant, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6993-8670","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Taroudant, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088687"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120999947","display_name":"Ait Ider Abdelouahed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088687","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Ibn Zohr","ror":"https://ror.org/006sgpv47","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088687"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ait Ider Abdelouahed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Taroudant, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0201-9672","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Taroudant, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088687"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088687"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.6552,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87308551,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"215550","last_page":"215564"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.30390000343322754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.30390000343322754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.21050000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.12999999523162842,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatbot","display_name":"Chatbot","score":0.7997999787330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5911999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5598999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safer","display_name":"SAFER","score":0.5408999919891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.42660000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.40869998931884766}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779041454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870780","display_name":"Chatbot","level":2,"score":0.7997999787330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7272999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5911999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5598999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601463","display_name":"SAFER","level":2,"score":0.5408999919891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.42660000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.40869998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.39169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.38260000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988170871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11000047","display_name":"Healthcare system","level":3,"score":0.382099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3716000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.36239999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.36090001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190954187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270587","display_name":"Dialog system","level":3,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778533338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7935148","display_name":"Virtual patient","level":2,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3646941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3646941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3646941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3646941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7011401653289795,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3089673203","https://openalex.org/W4210567899","https://openalex.org/W4313527272","https://openalex.org/W4319430730","https://openalex.org/W4362496953","https://openalex.org/W4364368785","https://openalex.org/W4388140134","https://openalex.org/W4391849521","https://openalex.org/W4392651169","https://openalex.org/W4394565430","https://openalex.org/W4400232411","https://openalex.org/W4400390793","https://openalex.org/W4401198848","https://openalex.org/W4401943355","https://openalex.org/W4403267030","https://openalex.org/W4404851714","https://openalex.org/W4405913510","https://openalex.org/W4406121295","https://openalex.org/W4407264242","https://openalex.org/W4412899694"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advances":[1,159],"in":[2,103,119,131,144],"Large":[3],"Language":[4],"Models":[5],"(LLMs)":[6],"have":[7],"opened":[8],"opportunities":[9],"for":[10,39,175],"intelligent":[11],"medical":[12,163],"chatbots.":[13],"However,":[14],"most":[15],"existing":[16],"systems":[17,143],"remain":[18],"limited":[19],"to":[20,26,109],"English":[21],"corpora":[22],"and":[23,50,62,64,83,106,125,147,152,177],"lack":[24],"adaptation":[25],"regional":[27],"drug":[28],"repositories.":[29],"This":[30,157],"paper":[31],"introduces":[32],"a":[33,55,73,92,100,129,173],"Retrieval-Augmented":[34],"Generation":[35],"(RAG)":[36],"chatbot":[37,90],"designed":[38],"medication":[40,155],"counseling":[41],"across":[42],"Franco-Moroccan":[43],"contexts.":[44],"Our":[45,97],"pipeline":[46],"integrates":[47],"5,300":[48],"Moroccan":[49],"8,300":[51],"French":[52],"drugs":[53],"into":[54],"unified":[56],"knowledge":[57],"base,":[58],"indexed":[59],"with":[60,66,169],"SentenceTransformers":[61],"FAISS,":[63],"paired":[65],"state-of-the-art":[67,110],"LLMs.":[68],"Evaluation":[69],"was":[70],"conducted":[71],"on":[72],"curated":[74],"benchmark":[75],"of":[76,95,140,162],"100":[77],"drug-related":[78],"queries":[79],"covering":[80],"dosage,":[81],"contraindications,":[82],"drug-drug":[84],"interactions.":[85],"Results":[86],"show":[87],"that":[88],"our":[89],"achieves":[91,99],"BERTScore":[93],"F1":[94],"0.71.":[96],"system":[98,116],"+5%":[101],"improvement":[102],"factuality":[104],"(faithfulness":[105],"groundedness)":[107],"compared":[108],"baselines.":[111],"Beyond":[112],"numerical":[113],"gains,":[114],"the":[115,138,160],"demonstrates":[117],"robustness":[118],"handling":[120],"multilingual":[121,176],"queries,":[122],"contextual":[123,170],"terminology,":[124],"region-specific":[126],"prescriptions,":[127],"addressing":[128],"gap":[130],"current":[132],"healthcare":[133,179],"AI.":[134],"These":[135],"contributions":[136],"highlight":[137],"feasibility":[139],"deploying":[141],"RAG-based":[142],"underrepresented":[145],"linguistic":[146],"cultural":[148],"settings,":[149],"offering":[150],"safer":[151],"more":[153],"transparent":[154],"information.":[156],"work":[158],"field":[161],"LLMs":[164],"by":[165],"combining":[166],"semantic":[167],"accuracy":[168],"reliability,":[171],"setting":[172],"precedent":[174],"localized":[178],"AI":[180],"systems.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-12-22T00:00:00"}