{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417438749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3645240","title":"A Systematic Scoping Review of Privacy Challenges and Privacy Enhancing Technologies in Teleoperated Robotics","display_name":"A Systematic Scoping Review of Privacy Challenges and Privacy Enhancing Technologies in Teleoperated Robotics","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417438749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3645240"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3645240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3645240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3645240","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094204755","display_name":"Joosep Parts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9827-0668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joosep Parts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Tallinn, Estonia","Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9827-0668","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042547993","display_name":"Janika Leoste","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6919-0082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janika Leoste","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Tallinn, Estonia","Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6919-0082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057936224","display_name":"Kalle Tammem\u00e4e","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4781-1364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kalle Tammem\u00e4e","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Tallinn, Estonia","Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4781-1364","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102972721","display_name":"Slavko Raki\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9021-8585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Slavko Rakic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Tallinn, Estonia","Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9021-8585","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.6333,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88202307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"216724","last_page":"216747"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.7408999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.7408999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11687","display_name":"Teleoperation and Haptic Systems","score":0.043699998408555984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.012900000438094139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teleoperation","display_name":"Teleoperation","score":0.9172999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.6183000206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5708000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.47380000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-by-design","display_name":"Privacy by Design","score":0.42089998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-software","display_name":"Privacy software","score":0.4147000014781952}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161759796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3982902","display_name":"Teleoperation","level":3,"score":0.9172999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.671500027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.6183000206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5708000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.47380000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.44909998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193934123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246028","display_name":"Privacy by Design","level":3,"score":0.42089998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509729295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246032","display_name":"Privacy software","level":3,"score":0.4147000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.3935999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.39340001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017597292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25052250","display_name":"Privacy protection","level":2,"score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.350600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196467688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851985","display_name":"Telerobotics","level":4,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3645240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3645240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3645240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3645240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":107,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W278235758","https://openalex.org/W1820095901","https://openalex.org/W1967282980","https://openalex.org/W1977306523","https://openalex.org/W2019490694","https://openalex.org/W2032322467","https://openalex.org/W2047793536","https://openalex.org/W2076748073","https://openalex.org/W2155404021","https://openalex.org/W2437380111","https://openalex.org/W2488197408","https://openalex.org/W2597726517","https://openalex.org/W2743226003","https://openalex.org/W2772841891","https://openalex.org/W2791764960","https://openalex.org/W2891378911","https://openalex.org/W2899233004","https://openalex.org/W2946539989","https://openalex.org/W2972135887","https://openalex.org/W2981140502","https://openalex.org/W2988059438","https://openalex.org/W2990379228","https://openalex.org/W3005752003","https://openalex.org/W3043256830","https://openalex.org/W3092475999","https://openalex.org/W3093813541","https://openalex.org/W3101007951","https://openalex.org/W3112464565","https://openalex.org/W3116673053","https://openalex.org/W3138047676","https://openalex.org/W3161415555","https://openalex.org/W3161812075","https://openalex.org/W3181205532","https://openalex.org/W3189820960","https://openalex.org/W3193717812","https://openalex.org/W3196112819","https://openalex.org/W3196270322","https://openalex.org/W3201145483","https://openalex.org/W3204395432","https://openalex.org/W3208980524","https://openalex.org/W3210139507","https://openalex.org/W4200404336","https://openalex.org/W4206461506","https://openalex.org/W4211164456","https://openalex.org/W4223493892","https://openalex.org/W4225371918","https://openalex.org/W4238818106","https://openalex.org/W4282579662","https://openalex.org/W4287887332","https://openalex.org/W4288770705","https://openalex.org/W4294215472","https://openalex.org/W4297903006","https://openalex.org/W4307201617","https://openalex.org/W4308093327","https://openalex.org/W4313886568","https://openalex.org/W4320002781","https://openalex.org/W4320002829","https://openalex.org/W4321484099","https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W4362513537","https://openalex.org/W4385478379","https://openalex.org/W4386957571","https://openalex.org/W4388549841","https://openalex.org/W4389788030","https://openalex.org/W4390045040","https://openalex.org/W4390187933","https://openalex.org/W4390198279","https://openalex.org/W4390299839","https://openalex.org/W4390576562","https://openalex.org/W4390874825","https://openalex.org/W4391266651","https://openalex.org/W4391621220","https://openalex.org/W4394629114","https://openalex.org/W4400459273","https://openalex.org/W4401236566","https://openalex.org/W4401547688","https://openalex.org/W4401585167","https://openalex.org/W4401665988","https://openalex.org/W4401882492","https://openalex.org/W4401942499","https://openalex.org/W4402158504","https://openalex.org/W4402274651","https://openalex.org/W4402709809","https://openalex.org/W4402983084","https://openalex.org/W4403096170","https://openalex.org/W4403484345","https://openalex.org/W4403675398","https://openalex.org/W4403938006","https://openalex.org/W4404029403","https://openalex.org/W4404916615","https://openalex.org/W4406263576","https://openalex.org/W4406610762","https://openalex.org/W4407449645","https://openalex.org/W4407950135","https://openalex.org/W4408914054","https://openalex.org/W4409021313","https://openalex.org/W4409254234","https://openalex.org/W4410087632","https://openalex.org/W4410264790","https://openalex.org/W4410297760","https://openalex.org/W4410298096","https://openalex.org/W4410298301","https://openalex.org/W4410582832","https://openalex.org/W4411949327","https://openalex.org/W4411949553","https://openalex.org/W4412911188","https://openalex.org/W4413066510"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Teleoperated":[0],"robots":[1,21],"allow":[2],"users":[3],"to":[4,45],"be":[5],"virtually":[6],"present":[7],"in":[8,144],"remote":[9],"locations":[10],"through":[11],"real-time":[12],"audio-video":[13],"communication":[14],"combined":[15],"with":[16],"mobility":[17],"capabilities.":[18],"While":[19],"teleoperated":[20,46,145],"bridge":[22],"physical":[23,109,161],"distance":[24],"barriers,":[25],"their":[26],"sensor":[27],"arrays":[28],"may":[29],"introduce":[30],"privacy":[31,36,66,78,89,99,110,130,140,162],"risks.":[32],"This":[33],"review":[34,133],"maps":[35],"challenges":[37],"and":[38,68,106,141,150,160],"identifies":[39],"Privacy-Enhancing":[40],"Technology":[41],"(PET)":[42],"solutions":[43,122],"applicable":[44],"robotics.":[47],"From":[48],"an":[49,135],"initial":[50],"418":[51],"publications,":[52],"33":[53],"studies":[54],"published":[55],"between":[56],"2020\u2013September":[57],"2025":[58],"met":[59],"inclusion":[60],"criteria,":[61],"yielding":[62],"87":[63],"findings:":[64],"36":[65],"concerns":[67],"51":[69],"PET":[70,121,142],"solutions.":[71],"Analysis":[72],"reveals":[73],"64":[74],"findings":[75],"for":[76,87,97,108,128,156],"informational":[77],"(23":[79],"concerns,":[80,91,101,112],"41":[81],"solutions;":[82,93,103],"solution":[83],"ratio":[84,94,104,115],"1.78),":[85],"15":[86],"psychological":[88],"(9":[90],"6":[92],"0.67),":[95],"5":[96],"social":[98],"(2":[100,111],"3":[102,107],"1.50),":[105],"1":[113],"solution;":[114],"0.50).":[116],"Results":[117],"demonstrate":[118],"that":[119],"while":[120],"address":[123],"data":[124],"protection,":[125],"gaps":[126],"exist":[127],"human-centered":[129],"dimensions.":[131],"The":[132],"provides":[134],"overview":[136],"of":[137],"the":[138],"current":[139],"state":[143],"robotics,":[146],"offering":[147],"insights,":[148],"categorization,":[149],"identifying":[151],"potential":[152],"future":[153],"research":[154],"directions":[155],"addressing":[157],"psychological,":[158],"social,":[159],"challenges.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-12-17T00:00:00"}
