{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417284281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3643741","title":"Stability Analysis of DC Microgrids Under Distributed Control Considering Converter Dynamics","display_name":"Stability Analysis of DC Microgrids Under Distributed Control Considering Converter Dynamics","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417284281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3643741"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3643741","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3643741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3643741","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089581194","display_name":"Kehui Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122501","display_name":"Hunan Xiangdian Test Research Institute (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0391pty66","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155567","display_name":"State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited","ror":"https://ror.org/00e17m144","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kehui Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501","https://openalex.org/I4387155567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048947110","display_name":"Haiguo Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6948-9563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122501","display_name":"Hunan Xiangdian Test Research Institute (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0391pty66","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155567","display_name":"State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited","ror":"https://ror.org/00e17m144","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiguo Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China","Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6948-9563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501","https://openalex.org/I4387155567"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002587364","display_name":"Xiaochao Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7692-243X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaochao Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7692-243X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100661906","display_name":"Yi Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122501","display_name":"Hunan Xiangdian Test Research Institute (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0391pty66","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155567","display_name":"State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited","ror":"https://ror.org/00e17m144","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501","https://openalex.org/I4387155567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052110779","display_name":"Wenhui Mo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122501","display_name":"Hunan Xiangdian Test Research Institute (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0391pty66","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155567","display_name":"State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited","ror":"https://ror.org/00e17m144","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhui Mo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501","https://openalex.org/I4387155567"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004535603","display_name":"Zhangjie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9594-0502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangjie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9594-0502","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089581194"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122501","https://openalex.org/I4387155567"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47305486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"211592","last_page":"211604"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12772","display_name":"Control and Stability of Dynamical Systems","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.8264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singular-perturbation","display_name":"Singular perturbation","score":0.690500020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perturbation","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","score":0.47279998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.45829999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.4537999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.43149998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability-theory","display_name":"Stability theory","score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lyapunov-stability","display_name":"Lyapunov stability","score":0.3528999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-dynamics","display_name":"System dynamics","score":0.33799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.8264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165160513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7524249","display_name":"Singular perturbation","level":2,"score":0.690500020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.567799985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177918212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q803623","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.47279998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.45829999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.4537999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.43149998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41949839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756677","display_name":"Stability theory","level":3,"score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776829284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341651","display_name":"Lyapunov stability","level":3,"score":0.3528999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77405623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598451","display_name":"System dynamics","level":2,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201829737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2022760","display_name":"Linear matrix inequality","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143170015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007850","display_name":"Stability conditions","level":3,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167964875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17011487","display_name":"Exponential stability","level":3,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174256460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911364","display_name":"Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics)","level":2,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109282560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4166054","display_name":"Singular value","level":3,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31531917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915157","display_name":"Robust control","level":3,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122383733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865920","display_name":"Approximation error","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778925954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16883749","display_name":"Stability criterion","level":3,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161362739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301555","display_name":"Open-loop controller","level":3,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3643741","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3643741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:43b147943abd4a9ca2fd78e0de06d49b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/43b147943abd4a9ca2fd78e0de06d49b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 211592-211604 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3643741","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3643741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"DC":[0,145],"microgrids":[1,146],"(DCMGs)":[2],"have":[3,83],"attracted":[4],"increasing":[5],"attention":[6],"owing":[7],"to":[8,36,66,95,99,106,162,219,234],"their":[9],"high":[10],"efficiency":[11],"and":[12,32,59,152,171,175,204,257,268,282],"compatibility":[13],"with":[14],"renewable":[15],"energy":[16],"sources.":[17],"However,":[18],"maintaining":[19],"system":[20,114],"stability":[21,65,123,142,178,250,260],"under":[22,119,224,279,285],"distributed":[23],"control":[24],"remains":[25],"challenging,":[26],"as":[27,118],"the":[28,55,63,70,77,89,96,107,153,164,187,209,228,245,249,254,258,274],"coupling":[29],"between":[30,248],"controller":[31,97,205],"converter":[33,90],"dynamics":[34,56,91,98],"leads":[35],"a":[37,140,168,172,212],"high-order":[38,48,165],"system,":[39],"particularly":[40],"when":[41,69,113,195],"numerous":[42],"converters":[43],"are":[44,116,180,198],"involved.":[45],"For":[46],"such":[47],"systems,":[49],"singular":[50,149,157,229],"perturbation":[51,150,158],"theory":[52,151,159],"can":[53],"decouple":[54],"into":[57,167],"fast":[58,71],"slow":[60,78],"subsystems,":[61],"allowing":[62],"overall":[64,101],"be":[67,93],"inferred":[68],"subsystem":[72,170],"responds":[73],"sufficiently":[74],"faster":[75,88],"than":[76],"one.":[79],"Nevertheless,":[80],"existing":[81],"studies":[82],"not":[84],"quantified":[85],"how":[86],"much":[87],"must":[92],"relative":[94,246],"ensure":[100],"stability,":[102],"which":[103],"may":[104],"lead":[105],"failure":[108],"of":[109,144],"stabilization":[110],"control.":[111],"Moreover,":[112],"parameters":[115],"uncertain\u2014such":[117],"varying":[120],"load":[121,226],"conditions\u2014traditional":[122],"analysis":[124,143],"methods":[125],"face":[126],"difficulties":[127],"in":[128],"deriving":[129],"explicit":[130,176],"analytical":[131,177,214,236],"criteria.":[132],"To":[133],"address":[134],"these":[135],"issues,":[136],"this":[137,221],"paper":[138],"presents":[139],"comprehensive":[141],"based":[147,185],"on":[148,186],"small-gain":[154,188],"theorem.":[155],"First,":[156],"is":[160,191,216,232,262],"employed":[161],"decompose":[163],"DCMG":[166],"boundary-layer":[169],"reduced-order":[173],"subsystem,":[174],"conditions":[179,237,256],"derived":[181,218,252],"for":[182,238,265,271],"each.":[183],"Second,":[184],"theorem,":[189],"it":[190],"rigorously":[192],"proven":[193],"that":[194,244],"both":[196],"subsystems":[197],"stable,":[199],"smaller":[200],"filter":[201],"capacitances,":[202],"inductances,":[203],"gain":[206],"coefficients":[207],"enhance":[208],"system\u2019s":[210],"stability\u2014and":[211],"quantitative":[213],"criterion":[215],"further":[217],"quantify":[220],"relationship.":[222],"Third,":[223],"uncertain":[225,272,286],"conditions,":[227],"value":[230],"inequality":[231],"utilized":[233],"derive":[235],"robust":[239],"stability.":[240],"Simulation":[241],"results":[242],"show":[243],"error":[247],"bound":[251,261],"by":[253],"proposed":[255,275],"actual":[259],"about":[263],"15.4%":[264],"constant":[266,280],"loads,":[267],"approximately":[269],"44.4%":[270],"loads\u2014verifying":[273],"method\u2019s":[276],"low-conservatism":[277],"advantage":[278],"loads":[281],"effective":[283],"robustness":[284],"loads.":[287]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-12-12T00:00:00"}