{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7114766194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3643317","title":"Endoscopic Endonasal Stereoscopic Images of the Skull Base: From Creation to Automatic Evaluation","display_name":"Endoscopic Endonasal Stereoscopic Images of the Skull Base: From Creation to Automatic Evaluation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7114766194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3643317"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3643317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3643317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3643317","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Milton Manrique Rastelli J\u00fanior","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4412-1325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52418104","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05syd6y78","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Milton Manrique Rastelli J\u00fanior","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná—UTFPR, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná—UTFPR, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182","https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro Murback Wiedmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8820-646X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52418104","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05syd6y78","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro Murback Wiedmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná—UTFPR, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná—UTFPR, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182","https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pedro Marochi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52418104","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05syd6y78","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Marochi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná—UTFPR, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná—UTFPR, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182","https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rubens Alexandre De Faria","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52418104","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05syd6y78","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rubens Alexandre De Faria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná—UTFPR, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná—UTFPR, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182","https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Elder Oroski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3169-7245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52418104","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05syd6y78","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elder Oroski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná—UTFPR, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná—UTFPR, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182","https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182","https://openalex.org/I52418104"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7125968,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"5449","last_page":"5466"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.25929999351501465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.25929999351501465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10984","display_name":"Sinusitis and nasal conditions","score":0.2134000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2733","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11984","display_name":"Anatomy and Medical Technology","score":0.1784999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereoscopy","display_name":"Stereoscopy","score":0.8095999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereopsis","display_name":"Stereopsis","score":0.4512999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.42289999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.3596999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereo-camera","display_name":"Stereo camera","score":0.3393000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.33239999413490295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126057942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35158","display_name":"Stereoscopy","level":2,"score":0.8095999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7925999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7329000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6866999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68537008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247932","display_name":"Stereopsis","level":2,"score":0.4512999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42289999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3596999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185078393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313783","display_name":"Stereo camera","level":2,"score":0.3393000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.32820001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52672216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1749840","display_name":"Depth perception","level":3,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1223959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191960","display_name":"Stereo display","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779300802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13147","display_name":"Skull","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39303567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7462910","display_name":"Autostereoscopy","level":3,"score":0.2549999952316284}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3643317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3643317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3643317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3643317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.67586350440979}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491719799","https://openalex.org/W1581708200","https://openalex.org/W1588593444","https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W1820899681","https://openalex.org/W1980073965","https://openalex.org/W1994880392","https://openalex.org/W1997873183","https://openalex.org/W2047785045","https://openalex.org/W2050601669","https://openalex.org/W2075434185","https://openalex.org/W2093889603","https://openalex.org/W2097648156","https://openalex.org/W2111308925","https://openalex.org/W2117228865","https://openalex.org/W2119605622","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2138425673","https://openalex.org/W2141809553","https://openalex.org/W2143631236","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2166053104","https://openalex.org/W2172522149","https://openalex.org/W2291646284","https://openalex.org/W2301443924","https://openalex.org/W2325282392","https://openalex.org/W2335859421","https://openalex.org/W2409743820","https://openalex.org/W2460552639","https://openalex.org/W2532180669","https://openalex.org/W2888897445","https://openalex.org/W2901376605","https://openalex.org/W2929026486","https://openalex.org/W2950491440","https://openalex.org/W2959940904","https://openalex.org/W2989744286","https://openalex.org/W2989773498","https://openalex.org/W3189792606","https://openalex.org/W4200269397","https://openalex.org/W4220698790","https://openalex.org/W4224126912","https://openalex.org/W4307582762","https://openalex.org/W4321241307","https://openalex.org/W4381989240","https://openalex.org/W4403515999","https://openalex.org/W4406795140","https://openalex.org/W4411329462"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"study":[1,214],"of":[2,8,13,25,38,49,60,105,119,200,203,209,315],"neuroanatomy":[3],"is":[4],"an":[5],"integral":[6],"part":[7],"the":[9,23,36,62,66,78,87,92,100,103,109,124,132,169,182,189,198,210,242,246,252,257,297,313,316],"education":[10],"and":[11,15,30,51,91,107,127,158,161,167,194,230,260,296,302],"training":[12],"neurosurgeons":[14],"aspiring":[16],"professionals":[17],"in":[18,21,186,251,271],"this":[19,39,145,309],"field,":[20],"which":[22],"use":[24],"images,":[26,68,184],"videos,":[27],"models,":[28],"simulators,":[29],"virtual":[31],"reality":[32],"can":[33,262],"fit":[34],"into":[35],"pedagogy":[37],"medical":[40],"area.":[41],"However,":[42,112],"individuals":[43],"who":[44],"lack":[45],"a":[46,69,83,147,201,265,272],"solid":[47],"understanding":[48],"three-dimensionality":[50],"proportion":[52],"encounter":[53],"challenges":[54],"when":[55,113,134],"interpreting":[56],"two-dimensional":[57],"images.":[58,173],"Regardless":[59],"all":[61],"technology":[63],"currently":[64],"available,":[65],"stereoscopic":[67,114],"technique":[70],"used":[71,195,270],"by":[72,81,98,256],"superimposing":[73],"two":[74,156,170,183],"images":[75,115,208],"taken":[76],"from":[77],"same":[79,88,93],"region":[80],"moving":[82],"camera":[84],"laterally,":[85],"keeping":[86],"horizontal":[89],"plane":[90],"focal":[94],"length,":[95],"become":[96],"valuable":[97],"presenting":[99],"viewer":[101],"with":[102,241],"notion":[104],"depth":[106,139],"decreasing":[108],"learning":[110],"time.":[111],"are":[116,177],"generated,":[117],"many":[118],"them":[120],"do":[121],"not":[122],"present":[123],"expected":[125],"results,":[126],"could":[128,141],"cause":[129],"discomfort":[130],"to":[131,165,196,218],"observer":[133],"analyzed,":[135],"especially":[136],"because":[137],"their":[138,220],"perception":[140],"be":[142,269],"altered.":[143],"In":[144],"study,":[146],"computational":[148],"algorithm":[149],"uses":[150],"Pearson\u2019s":[151],"Correlation":[152],"Coefficient,":[153],"Angle":[154],"between":[155,248],"vectors,":[157],"Oriented":[159],"FAST":[160],"Rotated":[162],"BRIEF":[163],"(ORB)":[164],"analyze":[166],"compare":[168],"stereo":[171,207,216],"pair":[172],"Thus,":[174],"six":[175],"parameters":[176,234],"described":[178],"that":[179,284],"best":[180],"correlate":[181],"classified":[185],"order":[187],"using":[188,226],"Fisher":[190],"Discriminant":[191],"Ratio":[192],"(FDR),":[193],"evaluate":[197],"quality":[199,278,286],"set":[202],"180":[204],"endoscopic":[205],"endonasal":[206],"skull":[211],"base.":[212],"This":[213,280],"evaluated":[215],"pairs":[217],"determine":[219],"suitability":[221],"for":[222,238,276,308],"accurate":[223],"3D":[224],"pictures":[225],"digital":[227],"image":[228],"processing":[229],"classification":[231],"methods.":[232],"Six":[233],"tested":[235],"were":[236,306],"effective":[237],"class":[239],"separation,":[240],"most":[243],"discriminative":[244],"being":[245],"angle":[247],"column":[249],"vectors":[250],"red":[253],"channel,":[254],"determined":[255],"highest":[258],"FDR,":[259],"it":[261],"serve":[263],"as":[264,289],"standalone":[266],"classifier":[267],"or":[268],"multivariate":[273],"discriminant":[274],"function":[275],"automated":[277],"assessment.":[279],"research":[281],"also":[282],"determines":[283],"existing":[285],"metrics":[287],"such":[288],"Unified":[290],"No-Reference":[291],"Quality":[292],"Assessment":[293],"via":[294],"Monocular":[295],"Binocular":[298],"Local":[299],"Visual":[300],"Primitives":[301],"Top-Down":[303],"JND":[304],"Estimation":[305],"ineffective":[307],"specific":[310],"classification,":[311],"highlighting":[312],"potential":[314],"proposed":[317],"methodology.":[318]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-12-11T00:00:00"}