{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7114805946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3642881","title":"Advances in Deep Visual Intelligence: A Review of High-Performing Models, Hybrid Architectures, and Regional Perspectives in Medicinal Plant Identification","display_name":"Advances in Deep Visual Intelligence: A Review of High-Performing Models, Hybrid Architectures, and Regional Perspectives in Medicinal Plant Identification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7114805946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3642881"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3642881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3642881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3642881","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"S. Nilofar Banu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5616-1476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Nilofar Banu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5616-1476","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"U. Rahamathunnisa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-411X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U. Rahamathunnisa","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-411X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71956888,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"212015","last_page":"212034"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.909600019454956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.909600019454956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13568","display_name":"Wood and Agarwood Research","score":0.022700000554323196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.7671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-identification","display_name":"Plant identification","score":0.7598000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5501999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/siddha","display_name":"Siddha","score":0.45170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safeguarding","display_name":"Safeguarding","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-knowledge","display_name":"Traditional knowledge","score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicinal-plants","display_name":"Medicinal plants","score":0.3840999901294708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776091240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106238460","display_name":"Plant identification","level":2,"score":0.7598000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5501999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4864000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776556288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2668214","display_name":"Siddha","level":2,"score":0.45170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776743756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5097921","display_name":"Safeguarding","level":2,"score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C514011633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428168","display_name":"Traditional knowledge","level":3,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779158651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188840","display_name":"Medicinal plants","level":2,"score":0.3840999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24412817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138178","display_name":"Plant taxonomy","level":4,"score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985179745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131449","display_name":"Plant species","level":2,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991655182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188840","display_name":"Medicinal herbs","level":2,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55958113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169480","display_name":"Indigenous","level":2,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019235130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188956","display_name":"Plant disease","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508345","display_name":"Lead (geology)","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777655017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501161","display_name":"Toolbox","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3642881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3642881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3642881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3642881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.5106891393661499}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":145,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1181899764","https://openalex.org/W1972784748","https://openalex.org/W1998648768","https://openalex.org/W2000999406","https://openalex.org/W2030497069","https://openalex.org/W2050341301","https://openalex.org/W2058201939","https://openalex.org/W2172196609","https://openalex.org/W2565516711","https://openalex.org/W2568155635","https://openalex.org/W2579348194","https://openalex.org/W2602132298","https://openalex.org/W2616728375","https://openalex.org/W2743583628","https://openalex.org/W2770298279","https://openalex.org/W2791899572","https://openalex.org/W2794284562","https://openalex.org/W2795866616","https://openalex.org/W2804733524","https://openalex.org/W2808026623","https://openalex.org/W2809480750","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2942231644","https://openalex.org/W2944647671","https://openalex.org/W2947405231","https://openalex.org/W2953824205","https://openalex.org/W2963801405","https://openalex.org/W2964274681","https://openalex.org/W2967871601","https://openalex.org/W2968945393","https://openalex.org/W2974336699","https://openalex.org/W2995620485","https://openalex.org/W3008403139","https://openalex.org/W3012459282","https://openalex.org/W3015716208","https://openalex.org/W3018715636","https://openalex.org/W3028746912","https://openalex.org/W3036662188","https://openalex.org/W3088352450","https://openalex.org/W3092237077","https://openalex.org/W3093238181","https://openalex.org/W3097133774","https://openalex.org/W3113702583","https://openalex.org/W3115336040","https://openalex.org/W3119778491","https://openalex.org/W3128437755","https://openalex.org/W3134424525","https://openalex.org/W3139135278","https://openalex.org/W3160619462","https://openalex.org/W3166682466","https://openalex.org/W3181131554","https://openalex.org/W3198347875","https://openalex.org/W3202849198","https://openalex.org/W3208484537","https://openalex.org/W3210268011","https://openalex.org/W3215127363","https://openalex.org/W3216195024","https://openalex.org/W3217508641","https://openalex.org/W4205176650","https://openalex.org/W4205203579","https://openalex.org/W4205529892","https://openalex.org/W4225113219","https://openalex.org/W4225335144","https://openalex.org/W4280638614","https://openalex.org/W4282006100","https://openalex.org/W4282565024","https://openalex.org/W4290975678","https://openalex.org/W4297312203","https://openalex.org/W4297347528","https://openalex.org/W4297510489","https://openalex.org/W4298148810","https://openalex.org/W4310454508","https://openalex.org/W4313304547","https://openalex.org/W4319811846","https://openalex.org/W4320731428","https://openalex.org/W4322617913","https://openalex.org/W4322710628","https://openalex.org/W4361802800","https://openalex.org/W4362527539","https://openalex.org/W4384158205","https://openalex.org/W4384209521","https://openalex.org/W4384209843","https://openalex.org/W4384340819","https://openalex.org/W4384343618","https://openalex.org/W4385767185","https://openalex.org/W4386096185","https://openalex.org/W4387020039","https://openalex.org/W4387476542","https://openalex.org/W4387601740","https://openalex.org/W4388634884","https://openalex.org/W4388654241","https://openalex.org/W4389117618","https://openalex.org/W4389428781","https://openalex.org/W4389502181","https://openalex.org/W4389670887","https://openalex.org/W4389941395","https://openalex.org/W4390280180","https://openalex.org/W4390658716","https://openalex.org/W4391678002","https://openalex.org/W4392293051","https://openalex.org/W4392841140","https://openalex.org/W4392939652","https://openalex.org/W4393969941","https://openalex.org/W4394911828","https://openalex.org/W4394997567","https://openalex.org/W4396220515","https://openalex.org/W4396576195","https://openalex.org/W4399198955","https://openalex.org/W4399564323","https://openalex.org/W4399731510","https://openalex.org/W4400232145","https://openalex.org/W4400238098","https://openalex.org/W4400579535","https://openalex.org/W4400733367","https://openalex.org/W4400771195","https://openalex.org/W4400975669","https://openalex.org/W4401454129","https://openalex.org/W4401565813","https://openalex.org/W4401878807","https://openalex.org/W4401889742","https://openalex.org/W4402204157","https://openalex.org/W4402735021","https://openalex.org/W4403014059","https://openalex.org/W4403474249","https://openalex.org/W4403499158","https://openalex.org/W4403881908","https://openalex.org/W4404056524","https://openalex.org/W4404354644","https://openalex.org/W4404490147","https://openalex.org/W4404553477","https://openalex.org/W4405660101","https://openalex.org/W4406322416","https://openalex.org/W4406482352","https://openalex.org/W4406980449","https://openalex.org/W4407153802","https://openalex.org/W4408014910","https://openalex.org/W4408048683","https://openalex.org/W4408402043","https://openalex.org/W4408567742","https://openalex.org/W4408898778","https://openalex.org/W4409415059","https://openalex.org/W4409494880","https://openalex.org/W4410153588","https://openalex.org/W4410155350","https://openalex.org/W4410341119"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Herbs":[0,12],"are":[1,13,104],"natural":[2],"plants":[3,109],"known":[4],"for":[5,32,84,140,153,180,183,205,232,235],"their":[6],"healing,":[7],"aromatic,":[8],"and":[9,41,65,68,75,91,99,133,135,160,185,201,229],"nutritional":[10],"benefits.":[11],"also":[14,220],"called":[15],"medicinal":[16,154],"plants.":[17],"Medicinal":[18,72],"Plants":[19],"can":[20,54,113],"be":[21],"used":[22,178,204],"to":[23,46,56,115],"treat":[24],"various":[25],"illnesses.":[26],"People":[27],"have":[28],"been":[29],"using":[30],"them":[31],"centuries":[33],"in":[34,39,215,238],"traditional":[35],"medicine":[36],"systems,":[37],"especially":[38,182],"Siddha":[40],"Ayurveda.":[42],"It":[43],"is":[44],"essential":[45],"identify":[47],"the":[48,164,174,210,222,227],"proper":[49],"herbs,":[50],"as":[51,124,207,209],"incorrect":[52],"usage":[53],"lead":[55,114],"fatal":[57],"consequences.":[58],"Accurate":[59],"identification":[60,74,96,116],"helps":[61],"doctors,":[62],"farmers,":[63],"companies,":[64],"people":[66],"use":[67],"develop":[69],"safe":[70],"drugs.":[71],"plant":[73,142,155,197,216],"classification":[76],"represent":[77],"a":[78,168],"critical":[79],"computer":[80,125],"vision":[81],"task":[82],"necessary":[83],"biodiversity":[85],"conservation,":[86],"safeguarding":[87],"Indigenous":[88],"Medical":[89],"Practices,":[90],"pharmaceutical":[92],"discovery.":[93],"Proper":[94],"Plant":[95],"requires":[97],"time":[98],"precise":[100],"knowledge,":[101],"but":[102],"there":[103],"not":[105],"enough":[106],"experts.":[107],"Many":[108],"appear":[110],"similar,":[111],"which":[112],"errors.":[117],"To":[118],"address":[119],"these":[120,172],"issues,":[121],"approaches":[122],"such":[123],"vision,":[126],"machine":[127],"learning,":[128],"hybrid":[129,194],"models":[130,214],"(combining":[131],"ML":[132],"DL),":[134],"deep":[136,150,189],"learning":[137,151,190],"provide":[138],"opportunities":[139],"automating":[141],"recognition":[143],"from":[144],"images.":[145],"This":[146],"paper":[147,175,219],"discusses":[148,221],"modern":[149],"methods":[152],"recognition,":[156],"exploring":[157],"153":[158],"articles":[159],"proceedings":[161],"published":[162],"over":[163],"past":[165],"years.":[166],"After":[167],"careful":[169],"analysis":[170],"of":[171,212],"studies,":[173],"presents":[176],"frequently":[177],"datasets":[179,203],"plants,":[181],"herbs":[184],"flowers,":[186],"along":[187],"with":[188,193],"methods,":[191,200],"multi-part":[192],"techniques,":[195],"regional":[196],"classification,":[198,206],"advanced":[199],"complex":[202],"well":[208],"accuracies":[211],"top-performing":[213],"classification.":[217],"The":[218],"primary":[223],"challenges":[224],"faced":[225],"by":[226],"researchers":[228,237],"proposes":[230],"suggestions":[231],"future":[233],"studies":[234],"young":[236],"this":[239],"area.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-12-11T00:00:00"}