{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417130990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3641832","title":"A Highly Sensitive and Durable Flexible Pressure Sensor With a Multilayered Fabric Structure for IoT-Enabled Activity Tracking","display_name":"A Highly Sensitive and Durable Flexible Pressure Sensor With a Multilayered Fabric Structure for IoT-Enabled Activity Tracking","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417130990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3641832"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3641832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3641832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3641832","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000851969","display_name":"Srinivasan Raman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7476-938X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Srinivasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7476-938X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112688967","display_name":"Nagabandi Chandana","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Chandana","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107181435","display_name":"B V Harshini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Harshini","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084064336","display_name":"N. Subha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5362-9856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Subha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences (SAS), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences (SAS), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056231587","display_name":"A. Ravi Sankar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9760-2953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Ravi Sankar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9760-2953","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.3245,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58209073,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"215094","last_page":"215109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11608","display_name":"Dielectric materials and actuators","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-sensor","display_name":"Pressure sensor","score":0.7268999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.6132000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piezoresistive-effect","display_name":"Piezoresistive effect","score":0.6051999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bending","display_name":"Bending","score":0.48730000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substrate","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","score":0.4797999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabrication","display_name":"Fabrication","score":0.4618000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.46059998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.46059998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4343999922275543}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41325743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261040","display_name":"Pressure sensor","level":2,"score":0.7268999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6796000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.6132000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198490522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932915","display_name":"Piezoresistive effect","level":2,"score":0.6051999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87210426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072476","display_name":"Bending","level":2,"score":0.48730000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777289219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","level":2,"score":0.4797999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.4618000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.46059998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.46059998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4343999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80264047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7424019","display_name":"Pressure measurement","level":2,"score":0.3815000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202374169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124291","display_name":"Electrical conductor","level":2,"score":0.32820001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513720949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778729","display_name":"Carbon nanotube","level":2,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144745244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Blocking (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84967400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066289","display_name":"Flexible electronics","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172860338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949674","display_name":"Dynamic pressure","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81060104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11653","display_name":"Electronic component","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19012869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578372","display_name":"Response time","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992912288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7241736","display_name":"Pressure sensitive","level":4,"score":0.263700008392334}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3641832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3641832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3641832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3641832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992429581","https://openalex.org/W2113967536","https://openalex.org/W2342050010","https://openalex.org/W2570019936","https://openalex.org/W2883575913","https://openalex.org/W2899879504","https://openalex.org/W2936608859","https://openalex.org/W2942099720","https://openalex.org/W2948318360","https://openalex.org/W2972092645","https://openalex.org/W2996654311","https://openalex.org/W3004879475","https://openalex.org/W3095207048","https://openalex.org/W3126508384","https://openalex.org/W3173671872","https://openalex.org/W3181934978","https://openalex.org/W3216245346","https://openalex.org/W4206038815","https://openalex.org/W4214840488","https://openalex.org/W4223934035","https://openalex.org/W4224878663","https://openalex.org/W4281768066","https://openalex.org/W4285109797","https://openalex.org/W4285799160","https://openalex.org/W4295940600","https://openalex.org/W4297092793","https://openalex.org/W4308930427","https://openalex.org/W4309685820","https://openalex.org/W4319335547","https://openalex.org/W4327716487","https://openalex.org/W4366378410","https://openalex.org/W4380088891","https://openalex.org/W4382141080","https://openalex.org/W4387807225","https://openalex.org/W4392247333","https://openalex.org/W4393231495","https://openalex.org/W4400106871","https://openalex.org/W4401587822","https://openalex.org/W4402156753","https://openalex.org/W4402945091","https://openalex.org/W4404195929","https://openalex.org/W4405801887","https://openalex.org/W4406054018","https://openalex.org/W4407127804","https://openalex.org/W4408216392","https://openalex.org/W4410197146","https://openalex.org/W4410765184","https://openalex.org/W4412352856"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wearable":[0],"sensors":[1,32],"integrated":[2,96],"with":[3,73,97,109,206],"the":[4,59,136,161],"Internet":[5],"of":[6,70,113,120,153,164,176,182,193],"Things":[7],"(IoT)":[8],"are":[9,132],"continually":[10],"researched":[11],"and":[12,27,85,127,158,169,185,198,228],"developed":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,65,134,211,214],"their":[16,37],"ever-expanding":[17],"applications":[18],"in":[19,40,139,226],"various":[20,44,195],"fields,":[21],"including":[22],"personalized":[23],"healthcare,":[24],"human-machine":[25],"interfaces,":[26],"soft":[28],"robotics.":[29],"Flexible":[30],"pressure":[31,148,162],"(FPSs)":[33],"stand":[34],"out":[35],"for":[36,92],"critical":[38],"role":[39],"capturing":[41],"motions":[42,197],"using":[43],"mechanisms.":[45],"Piezoresistive-type":[46],"FPSs,":[47],"which":[48],"employ":[49],"single-layer":[50],"fabrics":[51],"as":[52],"substrates,":[53],"rarely":[54],"achieve":[55],"significant":[56],"sensitivity":[57],"beyond":[58],"very":[60],"low-pressure":[61],"range,":[62],"thereby":[63],"failing":[64],"cover":[66],"a":[67,88,104,110,140,173,179,207,215],"wide":[68],"range":[69],"motion":[71],"signals":[72,213],"appreciable":[74],"sensitivity.":[75],"Despite":[76],"several":[77],"reports":[78],"utilizing":[79],"novel":[80],"configurations,":[81],"sensing":[82],"material":[83],"combinations,":[84],"fabrication":[86],"steps,":[87],"strong":[89],"demand":[90],"remains":[91],"low-cost,":[93],"high-performance":[94],"FPSs":[95],"IoT.":[98],"In":[99],"this":[100,201],"work,":[101],"we":[102],"present":[103],"three-layer":[105],"fabric-based":[106],"piezoresistive":[107],"FPS,":[108,204],"substrate":[111],"consisting":[112],"medical":[114],"gauze":[115],"sandwiched":[116],"between":[117],"two":[118],"layers":[119],"silk-blend":[121],"fabric.":[122],"Acid-treated":[123],"carbon":[124,129],"black":[125],"(CB)":[126],"multiwalled":[128],"nanotubes":[130],"(MWCNTs)":[131],"used":[133],"coat":[135],"fabric":[137],"blend":[138],"simple":[141],"dip-and-dry":[142],"process.":[143],"The":[144],"biodegradable":[145],"silk/cotton":[146],"blend-based":[147,203],"sensor":[149],"demonstrated":[150],"notable":[151],"sensitivities":[152],"0.471":[154],"kPa-1,":[155,157],"0.0134":[156],"0.0012":[159],"kPa-1across":[160],"ranges":[163],"0-1":[165],"kPa,":[166,168,171],"1-11":[167],"11-62":[170],"featuring":[172],"response":[174],"time":[175,181],"126":[177],"ms,":[178,184],"relaxation":[180],"46":[183],"excellent":[186],"cycle":[187],"stability,":[188],"enduring":[189],"20,000":[190],"cycles.":[191],"Capable":[192],"monitoring":[194],"bending":[196],"other":[199],"signals,":[200],"MWCNT/CB/silk":[202],"along":[205],"wireless":[208],"transmission":[209],"system":[210],"send":[212],"cloud":[216],"accessible":[217],"by":[218],"authorized":[219],"healthcare":[220,227],"professionals,":[221],"significantly":[222],"advances":[223],"next-generation":[224],"devices":[225],"diagnostics.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-03T07:22:36.454288","created_date":"2025-12-08T00:00:00"}