{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416798100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3638899","title":"Design of an X-Band Dual-Mode Relativistic Cherenkov Oscillator Operating at Low Guiding Magnetic Field","display_name":"Design of an X-Band Dual-Mode Relativistic Cherenkov Oscillator Operating at Low Guiding Magnetic Field","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416798100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3638899"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3638899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3638899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3638899","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yueyue Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3222-3331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yueyue Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3222-3331","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085167191","display_name":"Fangchao Dang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1442-845X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangchao Dang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1442-845X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065769700","display_name":"Fuxiang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0895-9270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuxiang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0895-9270","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082053167","display_name":"Xingjun Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8665-9978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingjun Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8665-9978","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089737746","display_name":"Peng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0394-7721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0394-7721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032455364","display_name":"Rujin Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1260-873X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rujin Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1260-873X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039002155","display_name":"Xiaodong Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5882-1424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27955789,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"213991","last_page":"213999"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11175","display_name":"Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11175","display_name":"Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10559","display_name":"Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11803","display_name":"Superconducting and THz Device Technology","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relativistic-electron-beam","display_name":"Relativistic electron beam","score":0.7617999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cherenkov-radiation","display_name":"Cherenkov radiation","score":0.7382000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.519599974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode","display_name":"Diode","score":0.5041999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron","display_name":"Electron","score":0.4797999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic","display_name":"Harmonic","score":0.4374000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oscillation","display_name":"Oscillation (cell signaling)","score":0.4352000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic-oscillator","display_name":"Harmonic oscillator","score":0.42809998989105225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8611999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776774166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044261","display_name":"Relativistic electron beam","level":4,"score":0.7617999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72591435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192457","display_name":"Cherenkov radiation","level":3,"score":0.7382000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.519599974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.5041999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.4797999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.4374000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778439541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7106412","display_name":"Oscillation (cell signaling)","level":2,"score":0.4352000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40934718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190070","display_name":"Harmonic oscillator","level":2,"score":0.42809998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3079626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234881","display_name":"Quantum electrodynamics","level":1,"score":0.41929998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95312477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207340","display_name":"Cathode ray","level":3,"score":0.36910000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.3637000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64672749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1623464","display_name":"High harmonic generation","level":3,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153009121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798548","display_name":"Backward-wave oscillator","level":4,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6899612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852911","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131770355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876215","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","level":2,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206991015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192704","display_name":"Energy conversion efficiency","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3638899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3638899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3638899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3638899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1629007001","https://openalex.org/W1641444802","https://openalex.org/W1993397993","https://openalex.org/W2000715030","https://openalex.org/W2006636849","https://openalex.org/W2013804495","https://openalex.org/W2021765932","https://openalex.org/W2054845718","https://openalex.org/W2059802237","https://openalex.org/W2061263820","https://openalex.org/W2075414043","https://openalex.org/W2083091697","https://openalex.org/W2089127032","https://openalex.org/W2091316034","https://openalex.org/W2101853907","https://openalex.org/W2137229411","https://openalex.org/W2147534348","https://openalex.org/W2322661643","https://openalex.org/W2766023741","https://openalex.org/W2768256196","https://openalex.org/W2804809746","https://openalex.org/W2923145101","https://openalex.org/W2963240564","https://openalex.org/W2974763100","https://openalex.org/W2985473417","https://openalex.org/W3015881683","https://openalex.org/W3028966076","https://openalex.org/W3086016008","https://openalex.org/W3132363375","https://openalex.org/W3160534183","https://openalex.org/W3198560722","https://openalex.org/W3205705878","https://openalex.org/W4224252958","https://openalex.org/W4238783456","https://openalex.org/W4285058967","https://openalex.org/W4321021810","https://openalex.org/W4322707415","https://openalex.org/W4386207892","https://openalex.org/W4391935876","https://openalex.org/W4395056464","https://openalex.org/W4396712509","https://openalex.org/W4409058063","https://openalex.org/W4410608938"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,37,203],"X-band":[4],"high-efficiency":[5],"dual-mode":[6],"relativistic":[7],"Cherenkov":[8],"oscillator":[9],"(DM-RCO)":[10],"operating":[11,114,204],"at":[12,112,202],"low":[13,150],"guiding":[14,186],"magnetic":[15,187],"field.":[16],"The":[17],"device":[18],"comprises":[19],"a":[20,28,34,83,173,185,196,210],"TM<sub":[21,55,64,73,85,108,143],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[22,24,56,65,74,86,88,109,144,146],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">01</sub>-TM<sub":[23,87],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">02</sub>":[25,75,89,110,147],"mode":[26,67,76,80,111],"converter,":[27,81],"trapezoidal":[29],"slow":[30],"wave":[31,53],"structure":[32],"(SWS),":[33],"collector,":[35],"and":[36,149,184],"output":[38,198],"waveguide.":[39],"At":[40],"the":[41,45,59,62,71,78,94,98,103,113,124,128,131,193],"oscillation":[42],"initiation":[43],"stage,":[44],"electron":[46,125,152],"beam":[47,153,179],"interacts":[48],"synchronously":[49],"with":[50,123,172,209],"fundamental":[51],"forward":[52],"of":[54,102,107,133,176,181,189,199,206,213],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">01</sub>":[57,66],"in":[58,93,119,158],"SWS.":[60,95],"Notably,":[61],"backward-propagating":[63],"is":[68],"converted":[69],"into":[70],"forward-propagating":[72],"via":[77],"upstream":[79],"establishing":[82],"hybrid":[84],"modal":[90],"field":[91,188],"distribution":[92],"Due":[96],"to":[97,164],"high":[99],"coupling":[100],"impedance":[101],"zeroth":[104],"space":[105],"harmonic":[106],"frequency,":[115],"it":[116],"can":[117],"participate":[118,157],"asynchronous":[120],"energy":[121,132,151,160],"exchange":[122,161],"beam.":[126],"After":[127],"beam-wave":[129,159],"interaction,":[130],"some":[134],"electrons":[135],"decreases,":[136],"thus,":[137],"synchronous":[138],"interactions":[139],"between":[140],"backward":[141],"propagating":[142],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">01</sub>/TM<sub":[145],"modes":[148,156],"exist.":[154],"Both":[155],"simultaneously,":[162],"leading":[163],"enhanced":[165],"efficiency.":[166],"Particle-in-cell":[167],"(PIC)":[168],"simulations":[169],"demonstrate":[170],"that":[171],"diode":[174],"voltage":[175],"782":[177],"kV,":[178],"current":[180],"10.5":[182],"kA,":[183],"only":[190],"0.5":[191],"T,":[192],"DM-RCO":[194],"achieves":[195],"high-power":[197],"4.1":[200],"GW":[201],"frequency":[205],"9.47":[207],"GHz,":[208],"conversion":[211],"efficiency":[212],"50%.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}