{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416749214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3638257","title":"The Combined Effect of Signal-Dependent and Relative Intensity Noise on Mutual Information in Laser Diode-Based VLC Systems","display_name":"The Combined Effect of Signal-Dependent and Relative Intensity Noise on Mutual Information in Laser Diode-Based VLC Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416749214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3638257"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3638257","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3638257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3638257","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069595717","display_name":"Emin Tu\u011fcu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-3071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162720556","display_name":"Karadeniz Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z8fyr40","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162720556"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emin Tugcu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Türkiye","Electronics and Communication Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-3071","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162720556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Communication Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162720556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069595717"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162720556"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34055815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"202737","last_page":"202744"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-information","display_name":"Mutual information","score":0.6974999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-intensity-noise","display_name":"Relative intensity noise","score":0.667900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.504800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4697999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-noise","display_name":"Gaussian noise","score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.45590001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shot-noise","display_name":"Shot noise","score":0.4462999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4438999891281128}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152139883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252973","display_name":"Mutual information","level":2,"score":0.6974999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204517386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310795","display_name":"Relative intensity noise","level":4,"score":0.667900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5393999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.504800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4697999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.45590001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72659945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503574","display_name":"Shot noise","level":3,"score":0.4462999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4438999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.43140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4138999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.37619999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3637999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121477167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154002","display_name":"Semiconductor laser theory","level":3,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777048131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321098","display_name":"Laser diode","level":3,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3384999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500300565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925667","display_name":"Computer simulation","level":2,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778915421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3643177","display_name":"Performance improvement","level":2,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203234222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133519","display_name":"Noise power","level":3,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200649887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154544","display_name":"Laser power scaling","level":3,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3638257","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3638257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7a23d5c77ffc4d80b31b2f1c2455b619","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7a23d5c77ffc4d80b31b2f1c2455b619","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 202737-202744 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3638257","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3638257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Laser":[0],"diode":[1],"(LD)-powered":[2],"luminaires":[3],"are":[4,28,45],"expected":[5],"to":[6,20,199],"become":[7],"increasingly":[8],"prevalent":[9],"in":[10,91,116],"residential":[11],"and":[12,56,86,108,145,163,189],"commercial":[13],"environments.":[14],"This":[15,73],"trend":[16],"creates":[17],"an":[18,98],"opportunity":[19],"develop":[21],"visible":[22],"light":[23],"communication":[24],"(VLC)":[25],"systems,":[26],"which":[27,139],"supported":[29],"by":[30,104],"the":[31,40,64,68,76,81,101,141,154,157,161,174,178,183,193,210,213,220],"ultra-high":[32],"bandwidth":[33],"of":[34,43,48,63,70,84,147,156,195,216],"LDs.":[35],"In":[36,169,208],"such":[37],"a":[38,117,131,225],"system,":[39],"main":[41],"sources":[42],"distortion":[44],"two":[46],"types":[47],"additive":[49],"Gaussian":[50],"noise:":[51],"signal-dependent":[52],"shot":[53],"noise":[54,59],"(SDSN)":[55],"relative":[57],"intensity":[58],"(RIN).":[60],"The":[61,150],"strength":[62],"transmitted":[65,221],"signal":[66],"affects":[67],"variance":[69],"these":[71],"noises.":[72],"paper":[74],"introduces":[75],"first":[77],"theoretical":[78],"analysis":[79],"examining":[80],"combined":[82],"impact":[83],"SDSN":[85,107,190],"RIN":[87,188,211],"on":[88],"mutual":[89,102,148],"information":[90,103],"LD-based":[92,196],"VLC":[93,197],"systems.":[94],"First,":[95],"we":[96],"derived":[97],"expression":[99,112],"for":[100,159,177],"considering":[105],"both":[106,160],"RIN.":[109],"Because":[110],"this":[111,129],"cannot":[113],"be":[114],"expressed":[115],"closed":[118],"form,":[119],"its":[120],"value":[121],"was":[122],"determined":[123],"using":[124,136],"numerical":[125,151,184],"simulations.":[126],"To":[127],"address":[128],"challenge,":[130],"closed-form":[132],"approximation":[133,158],"is":[134,212,223],"developed":[135],"Jensen\u2019s":[137],"inequality,":[138],"facilitates":[140],"efficient":[142],"performance":[143],"evaluation":[144],"optimization":[146],"information.":[149],"results":[152,185],"confirm":[153],"accuracy":[155],"low":[162],"high":[164,201],"signal-to-noise":[165],"ratio":[166],"(SNR)":[167],"regions.":[168],"addition,":[170,209],"it":[171],"closely":[172],"matches":[173],"actual":[175],"values":[176],"intermediate":[179],"SNR":[180],"levels.":[181],"Furthermore,":[182],"indicate":[186],"that":[187],"significantly":[191],"reduce":[192],"ability":[194],"systems":[198],"achieve":[200],"data":[202],"rates,":[203],"thereby":[204],"affecting":[205],"their":[206],"performance.":[207],"primary":[214],"source":[215],"noise,":[217],"particularly":[218],"when":[219],"power":[222],"at":[224],"higher":[226],"level.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}