{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416323714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3634467","title":"Quantum-Enhanced Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient for Voltage Regulation in Smart Grids With High Electromobility Penetration","display_name":"Quantum-Enhanced Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient for Voltage Regulation in Smart Grids With High Electromobility Penetration","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416323714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3634467"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3634467","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3634467","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3634467","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106609576","display_name":"Samuel Jonas Yeboah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9997-3555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27031042","display_name":"University of Mines and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00br9cf93","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27031042"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Jonas Yeboah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9997-3555","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27031042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048258952","display_name":"Solomon Nunoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-9313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27031042","display_name":"University of Mines and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00br9cf93","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27031042"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Solomon Nunoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-9313","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27031042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033831842","display_name":"Joseph Cudjoe Attachie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6617-1676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27031042","display_name":"University of Mines and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00br9cf93","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27031042"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Cudjoe Attachie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27031042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090435718","display_name":"James Adu Ansere","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6070-9316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Adu Ansere","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6070-9316","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040897068","display_name":"Eric Gyamfi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0744-4208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104546213","display_name":"National College of Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/02qzs9336","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104546213"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Gyamfi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, National College of Ireland, Dublin 1, Ireland","School of Computing, National College of Ireland, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, National College of Ireland, Dublin 1, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104546213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, National College of Ireland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104546213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29505905,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"197876","last_page":"197888"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.5041000247001648,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.5041000247001648,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.1551000028848648,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.05290000140666962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-regulation","display_name":"Voltage regulation","score":0.6467000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6197999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6118999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.5041000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.4968999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4693000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4368000030517578}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6625999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196226539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940752","display_name":"Voltage regulation","level":3,"score":0.6467000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6197999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6118999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5041000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.4968999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4693000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4368000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.40230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128624480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504817","display_name":"Low voltage","level":3,"score":0.39149999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.36970001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.36039999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776098794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6663315","display_name":"Load regulation","level":3,"score":0.3513000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46529443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940750","display_name":"Voltage optimisation","level":4,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40293303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27137","display_name":"Electric power","level":3,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88182573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139740","display_name":"High voltage","level":3,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110706871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851210","display_name":"Voltage regulator","level":3,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178911571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593143","display_name":"Power electronics","level":3,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31531917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915157","display_name":"Robust control","level":3,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570441","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3634467","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3634467","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6ad9685b901d4bc5988cb71912a4d345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6ad9685b901d4bc5988cb71912a4d345","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 197876-197888 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3634467","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3634467","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"increasing":[1],"adoption":[2],"of":[3,8,145],"electric":[4,68,106,130],"vehicles":[5],"and":[6,23,36,90,109,114,117,148,181],"integration":[7],"distributed":[9],"renewable":[10,110],"energy":[11,25],"resources":[12],"are":[13],"reshaping":[14],"power":[15,37,45,119,182],"distribution":[16],"systems.":[17],"Although":[18],"these":[19],"developments":[20],"promote":[21],"decarbonization":[22],"enhance":[24,178],"accessibility,":[26],"they":[27],"also":[28],"present":[29],"challenges":[30],"related":[31],"to":[32,154],"nodal":[33,104],"voltage":[34,60,115,141,151,179],"regulation":[35,61],"flow":[38],"management.":[39],"Quantum-enhanced":[40],"learning":[41,158,175],"can":[42,176],"address":[43],"modern":[44],"system":[46],"control":[47,86,169],"challenges.":[48],"We":[49,92],"introduce":[50],"a":[51,98,125],"Quantum-Enhanced":[52],"Deep":[53],"Deterministic":[54],"Policy":[55],"Gradient":[56],"algorithm":[57],"(Q-DDPG)":[58],"for":[59,84],"in":[62,184],"smart":[63,95,185],"grid":[64,96],"networks":[65],"with":[66,103,128],"high":[67],"vehicle":[69,107,131],"integration.":[70],"By":[71],"incorporating":[72],"parameterized":[73],"quantum":[74],"circuits":[75],"into":[76],"the":[77,94],"actor":[78],"network,":[79],"our":[80],"approach":[81],"efficiently":[82],"searches":[83],"high-dimensional":[85],"policies":[87],"using":[88],"entanglement":[89],"superposition.":[91],"model":[93],"as":[97,112,121],"continuous":[99],"Markov":[100],"decision":[101],"process,":[102],"voltages,":[105],"demands,":[108],"fluctuations":[111],"states,":[113],"setpoints":[116],"reactive":[118],"dispatch":[120],"actions.":[122],"Simulations":[123],"on":[124],"33-bus":[126],"feeder":[127],"varying":[129],"penetration":[132],"levels":[133],"show":[134],"that":[135,163,172],"Q-DDPG":[136],"achieves":[137],"faster":[138],"convergence,":[139],"maintains":[140],"profiles":[142],"within":[143],"\u00b11%":[144],"nominal":[146],"values,":[147],"significantly":[149,177],"reduces":[150],"deviation":[152],"compared":[153],"standard":[155],"classical":[156],"reinforcement":[157,174],"models.":[159],"Robustness":[160],"analysis":[161],"demonstrates":[162],"quantum-enhanced":[164],"exploration":[165],"yields":[166],"more":[167],"resilient":[168],"strategies,":[170],"suggesting":[171],"quantum-inspired":[173],"stability":[180],"quality":[183],"grids.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-11-18T00:00:00"}