{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416286261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3633326","title":"Dual-Stage Deep Learning for Long-Term Voltage Instability Prediction and Conditional OLTC Blocking\u2013Load Shedding Decision Support","display_name":"Dual-Stage Deep Learning for Long-Term Voltage Instability Prediction and Conditional OLTC Blocking\u2013Load Shedding Decision Support","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416286261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3633326"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3633326","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3633326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3633326","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117512682","display_name":"Falih K. H. Alabbas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67009956","display_name":"Iran University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jw2p796","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Falih K. H. Alabbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Center of Excellence for Power System Automation and Operation, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Center of Excellence for Power System Automation and Operation, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073259312","display_name":"Mahtab Khalilifar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2397-2350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67009956","display_name":"Iran University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jw2p796","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahtab Khalilifar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Center of Excellence for Power System Automation and Operation, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2397-2350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Center of Excellence for Power System Automation and Operation, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041918531","display_name":"S. Mohammad Shahrtash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4459-5416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67009956","display_name":"Iran University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jw2p796","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Mohammad Shahrtash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Center of Excellence for Power System Automation and Operation, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4459-5416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Center of Excellence for Power System Automation and Operation, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103241144","display_name":"S. Alipour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7857-2517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67009956","display_name":"Iran University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jw2p796","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Mohsen Alipour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Center of Excellence for Power System Automation and Operation, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Center of Excellence for Power System Automation and Operation, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102915719","display_name":"Davood Arab Khaburi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5861-0213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67009956","display_name":"Iran University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jw2p796","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davood Arab Khaburi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Center of Excellence for Power System Automation and Operation, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5861-0213","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Center of Excellence for Power System Automation and Operation, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28493768,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"196155","last_page":"196166"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.7529000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.7529000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.07129999995231628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10573","display_name":"Power Quality and Harmonics","score":0.04899999871850014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5415999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.478300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4683000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.4672999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.4650999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.43650001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blocking","display_name":"Blocking (statistics)","score":0.3901999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.33379998803138733}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7527999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6043000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5415999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.478300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4683000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.4672999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.4650999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.43650001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144745244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Blocking (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.3901999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38519999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.33379998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176605952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827674","display_name":"Phasor","level":4,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132964779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw data","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72047438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779785","display_name":"Transient recovery voltage","level":5,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153668964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27636","display_name":"Majority rule","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151233233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47574","display_name":"Units of measurement","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3633326","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3633326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:881fc0385f9043da8334c981c7b41c4d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/881fc0385f9043da8334c981c7b41c4d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 196155-196166 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3633326","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3633326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"On-Load":[1],"Tap":[2],"Changers":[3],"(OLTCs)":[4],"effectively":[5],"regulate":[6],"voltage":[7,14,59,73,95,149],"under":[8],"normal":[9],"conditions,":[10],"their":[11,42],"operation":[12],"during":[13],"instability":[15],"events":[16],"can":[17],"inadvertently":[18],"accelerate":[19],"system":[20],"failure.":[21],"Although":[22],"various":[23],"OLTC":[24,68,153],"blocking":[25,69],"strategies":[26],"have":[27],"been":[28],"proposed":[29],"to":[30,146],"mitigate":[31],"such":[32],"instabilities,":[33],"prior":[34],"studies":[35],"lack":[36],"clear":[37],"definitions":[38],"or":[39],"explorations":[40],"of":[41,57,67,101],"effectiveness":[43],"boundaries.":[44],"This":[45,137],"work":[46],"proposes":[47],"a":[48,98,119],"novel":[49],"dual-stage":[50],"deep":[51,103,121],"learning":[52,104,122],"framework":[53,76],"for":[54,62,115,124,143],"early":[55],"prediction":[56],"long-term":[58,94],"stability":[60,96],"and,":[61],"the":[63,87],"first":[64,88],"time,":[65],"evaluation":[66],"efficacy":[70],"in":[71,134],"mitigating":[72],"instability.":[74],"The":[75],"leverages":[77],"raw":[78],"Phasor":[79],"Measurement":[80],"Unit":[81],"(PMU)":[82],"data":[83],"features":[84],"extracted":[85],"within":[86],"second":[89],"post-disturbance.":[90],"Stage":[91,111],"one":[92],"predicts":[93],"using":[97],"voting":[99],"ensemble":[100],"three":[102],"models,":[105],"achieving":[106],"near-perfect":[107],"recall":[108,133],"and":[109,131],"accuracy.":[110],"two,":[112],"activated":[113],"exclusively":[114],"unstable":[116],"cases,":[117],"employs":[118],"hybrid":[120],"model":[123],"remedial":[125],"action":[126],"evaluation,":[127],"attaining":[128],"95.8%":[129],"accuracy":[130],"100%":[132],"critical":[135],"scenarios.":[136],"approach":[138],"enables":[139],"real-time,":[140],"actionable":[141],"intelligence":[142],"grid":[144],"operators":[145],"proactively":[147],"prevent":[148],"collapse,":[150],"advancing":[151],"automated":[152],"strategy":[154],"assessment.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-28T10:15:58.083117","created_date":"2025-11-17T00:00:00"}