{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416756265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3631672","title":"EdgeAI-Powered Hybrid ESN-GRU Model for High-Accuracy and Efficient Short-Term Load Forecasting in Smart Grids","display_name":"EdgeAI-Powered Hybrid ESN-GRU Model for High-Accuracy and Efficient Short-Term Load Forecasting in Smart Grids","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416756265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3631672"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3631672","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3631672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3631672","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025254665","display_name":"Suhib Bani Melhem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4998-3418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161913731","display_name":"Al Ain University","ror":"https://ror.org/023abrt21","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suhib Bani Melhem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cybersecurity, College of Engineering, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4998-3418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cybersecurity, College of Engineering, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054023569","display_name":"Muhammed Golec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0146-9735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799978770","display_name":"X-Fab (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/030bh9196","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammed Golec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Bo&#x011F;azi&#x00E7;i University, Istanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Bo&#x011F;azi&#x00E7;i University, Istanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000085565","display_name":"Saed Alrabaee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-493X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saed Alrabaee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems and Security, College of IT, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-493X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems and Security, College of IT, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103072325","display_name":"Muath AlShaikh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1520-9814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161913731","display_name":"Al Ain University","ror":"https://ror.org/023abrt21","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muath Alshaikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cybersecurity, College of Engineering, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cybersecurity, College of Engineering, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085718970","display_name":"Murat Uyar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7243-7939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132870","display_name":"Xerox (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jwzwq24","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murat Uyar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Bursa Uluda&#x011F; University, Nil&#x00FC;fer, T&#x00FC;rkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7243-7939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Bursa Uluda&#x011F; University, Nil&#x00FC;fer, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.4626,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70316627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"198241","last_page":"198251"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.8871999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.8871999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.014100000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.011300000362098217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6721000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.49050000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.477400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.451200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.4507000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4083999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.39070001244544983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8245000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6721000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.49050000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.477400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.451200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.4507000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40939998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4083999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.39070001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.3743000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.3571000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.34380000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138827492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6661985","display_name":"Data processing","level":2,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3296999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3631672","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3631672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:a3a3da56-a074-4c48-ba9b-ea4101b80d88","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://avesis.uludag.edu.tr/publication/details/a3a3da56-a074-4c48-ba9b-ea4101b80d88/oai","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055210","display_name":"Bursa Uludag University - AVESIS","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fb504fa804674e81b40b89be802855fc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fb504fa804674e81b40b89be802855fc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 198241-198251 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3631672","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3631672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,10,13,60,78,88,101,124,148,162,178,182,190],"widespread":[2],"use":[3],"of":[4,23,152,158,164],"renewable":[5],"energy":[6,30,54],"sources":[7],"(RES)":[8],"in":[9,26,107,143,172,203],"smart":[11],"grid,":[12],"next":[14],"generation":[15],"power":[16],"system,":[17],"short-term":[18],"load":[19],"forecasting":[20],"(STLF)":[21],"is":[22,136],"critical":[24],"importance":[25],"grid":[27],"stability":[28],"and":[29,46,67,96,130,140,154,160,168,187,213],"optimization.":[31],"Traditional":[32],"STLF":[33,114,142],"models":[34],"include":[35],"issues":[36],"such":[37,93],"as":[38,94],"high":[39,165],"computational":[40],"cost,":[41],"dependency":[42,79],"on":[43,80],"cloud":[44],"infrastructure,":[45],"latency":[47,170],"issues,":[48,59],"which":[49,63],"are":[50],"undesirable":[51],"for":[52,113,138],"real-time":[53,139],"management.":[55],"To":[56],"solve":[57],"these":[58,122],"EdgeAI":[61,76],"paradigm,":[62],"combines":[64,147],"edge":[65,204],"computing":[66],"artificial":[68],"intelligence":[69],"(AI),":[70],"can":[71],"be":[72],"a":[73],"promising":[74],"solution.":[75],"reduces":[77,189],"cloud-based":[81],"systems":[82],"by":[83,104,185],"processing":[84,105],"data":[85,89,106],"close":[86],"to":[87,118,195,198,211,218],"source,":[90],"offering":[91],"advantages":[92,163],"lowlatency":[95],"lowbandwidth.":[97],"Thus,":[98],"it":[99,111],"increases":[100],"response":[102],"speed":[103],"real":[108],"time,":[109],"making":[110],"suitable":[112],"applications.":[115],"In":[116],"order":[117],"benefit":[119],"from":[120,193],"all":[121],"advantages,":[123],"EdgeAI-driven":[125],"Hybrid":[126],"Echo":[127],"State":[128],"Network":[129],"Gated":[131],"Recurrent":[132],"Unit":[133],"(ESN-GRU)":[134],"model":[135,180],"introduced":[137],"efficient":[141],"this":[144],"paper.":[145],"ESN-GRU":[146,208],"fast":[149],"training":[150],"capabilities":[151,157],"ESN":[153],"sequential":[155],"learning":[156],"GRU,":[159],"offers":[161],"prediction":[166],"performance":[167],"low":[169],"inference":[171,216],"STLF.":[173],"Experimental":[174],"results":[175,202],"show":[176],"that":[177,207],"proposed":[179],"improves":[181],"R\u00b2":[183],"score":[184],"2.5%":[186],"significantly":[188],"MAPE":[191],"value":[192],"129":[194],"0.101":[196],"compared":[197,217],"existing":[199],"models.":[200],"Benchmark":[201],"environment":[205],"prove":[206],"provides":[209],"up":[210],"79%":[212],"92%":[214],"faster":[215],"state-of-the-art":[219],"methods.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-11-11T00:00:00"}
