{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415821159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3628316","title":"Design, Modeling, and Control Strategy for a 30-kW PEMFC-Based Small Green Ship","display_name":"Design, Modeling, and Control Strategy for a 30-kW PEMFC-Based Small Green Ship","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415821159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3628316"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3628316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3628316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3628316","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022477352","display_name":"MK Sarkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6073-3111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189442560","display_name":"Gyeongsang National University","ror":"https://ror.org/00saywf64","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189442560"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Rubel Sarkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Engineering Research Institute (ERI), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea","Engineering Research Institute (ERI), School of Electronic Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6073-3111","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Engineering Research Institute (ERI), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189442560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Institute (ERI), School of Electronic Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189442560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086704937","display_name":"Rafiqul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6275-9472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132877587","display_name":"Gopalganj Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xjpe74","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132877587"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafiqul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Gopalganj Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Gopalganj Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132877587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Seulkie Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150483","display_name":"Kolmar Korea (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04p6nsn05","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150483"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seulkie Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["PharosMarine, Ulsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PharosMarine, Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027088400","display_name":"Hyunwoo Son","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9833-1718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189442560","display_name":"Gyeongsang National University","ror":"https://ror.org/00saywf64","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189442560"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunwoo Son","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Engineering Research Institute (ERI), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea","Engineering Research Institute (ERI), School of Electronic Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9833-1718","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Engineering Research Institute (ERI), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189442560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Institute (ERI), School of Electronic Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189442560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25499514,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"192228","last_page":"192245"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12126","display_name":"Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency","score":0.7282000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12126","display_name":"Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency","score":0.7282000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":0.14399999380111694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.06300000101327896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cell","display_name":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell","score":0.7332000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.566100001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stack","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","score":0.5067999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4832000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-cells","display_name":"Fuel cells","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4607999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.45969998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-control-system","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","score":0.4587000012397766}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132319479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899619","display_name":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell","level":3,"score":0.7332000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5859000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.566100001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5432999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9395851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177929","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5067999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4832000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987658370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180253","display_name":"Fuel cells","level":2,"score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4607999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.45969998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195975749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475705","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","level":3,"score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68189081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748","display_name":"Fossil fuel","level":2,"score":0.41449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3905999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.37869998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.32589998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37374048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188674","display_name":"Programmable logic controller","level":2,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50897621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665508","display_name":"Hybrid system","level":2,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.2671000063419342}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3628316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3628316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a6c708b6a63b42819201be6c5d367fc5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a6c708b6a63b42819201be6c5d367fc5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 192228-192245 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3628316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3628316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6386597027","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2025-RS-2022-00156409","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6423970736","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-KI002581","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,77],"recent":[1],"decades,":[2],"renewable":[3],"energy":[4,56,75,140],"systems":[5,58],"(RESs)":[6],"have":[7,32,67],"attracted":[8],"considerable":[9],"attention":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,96],"their":[13],"sustainability,":[14],"cost-effectiveness,":[15],"and":[16,65,74,89,110,123,126,133],"environmental":[17],"advantages":[18],"over":[19],"fossil":[20],"fuels.":[21],"Among":[22],"various":[23],"RES":[24],"technologies,":[25],"proton":[26],"exchange":[27],"membrane":[28],"fuel":[29,48],"cells":[30,49],"(PEMFCs)":[31],"emerged":[33],"as":[34],"a":[35,80,90],"promising":[36],"solution,":[37],"particularly":[38],"in":[39,50],"marine":[40],"applications.":[41],"To":[42],"address":[43],"the":[44,98],"limitations":[45],"of":[46],"standalone":[47],"meeting":[51],"dynamic":[52],"load":[53],"demands,":[54],"hybrid":[55],"storage":[57],"(HESSs),":[59],"which":[60],"integrate":[61],"PEMFCs":[62],"with":[63],"batteries":[64],"supercapacitors,":[66],"been":[68],"widely":[69],"adopted,":[70],"enhancing":[71],"system":[72],"responsiveness":[73],"reliability.":[76],"this":[78],"study,":[79],"fuzzy":[81,103],"logic":[82],"controller":[83],"is":[84,94,106],"employed":[85],"for":[86,137],"PEMFC":[87,128],"regulation,":[88],"state":[91],"machine":[92],"approach":[93],"used":[95],"control":[97],"HESS":[99,139],"components.":[100],"The":[101],"proposed":[102],"state-machine":[104],"EMS":[105],"evaluated":[107],"against":[108],"fuzzy\u2013PI":[109],"fuzzy-based":[111],"controllers;":[112],"across":[113],"representative":[114],"duty":[115],"cycles":[116],"it":[117],"reduces":[118],"hydrogen":[119],"consumption":[120],"by":[121,131],"33.1%":[122],"32.4%,":[124],"respectively,":[125],"increases":[127],"stack":[129],"efficiency":[130],"4.42%":[132],"18.65%,":[134],"demonstrating":[135],"suitability":[136],"real-time":[138],"management.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-11-03T00:00:00"}