{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415707528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3627150","title":"Transformer-Based Spatio-Temporal Framework for Forecasting Natural Gas Demand in the Power Sector","display_name":"Transformer-Based Spatio-Temporal Framework for Forecasting Natural Gas Demand in the Power Sector","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415707528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3627150"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3627150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3627150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3627150","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003248462","display_name":"May S. Saeed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I505182","display_name":"National Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/030dak672","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Salman Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Textile University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan","Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0008-5817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Textile University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091805322","display_name":"Salman Raza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4895-9512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I505182","display_name":"National Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/030dak672","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salman Raza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Textile University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan","Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4895-9512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Textile University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076870712","display_name":"Haseeb Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-7452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I505182","display_name":"National Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/030dak672","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haseeb Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Textile University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan","Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-7452","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Textile University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100645878","display_name":"Usman Muhammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7191-0245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usman Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7191-0245","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101758725","display_name":"Hassan Dawood","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173207729","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Taxila","ror":"https://ror.org/03v00ka07","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182000528","display_name":"Ajman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j1rma10","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799651553","display_name":"City University Ajman","ror":"https://ror.org/00zb4qh40","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799651553"]}],"countries":["AE","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Dawood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology-Taxila, Taxila, Pakistan","School of Computing, Horizon University College, Ajman, United Arab Emirates","University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7049-0373","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology-Taxila, Taxila, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Horizon University College, Ajman, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528","https://openalex.org/I2799651553"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052677801","display_name":"Hussain Dawood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2653-9541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173207729","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Taxila","ror":"https://ror.org/03v00ka07","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182000528","display_name":"Ajman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j1rma10","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799651553","display_name":"City University Ajman","ror":"https://ror.org/00zb4qh40","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799651553"]}],"countries":["AE","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussain Dawood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology-Taxila, Taxila, Pakistan","School of Computing, Horizon University College, Ajman, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2653-9541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology-Taxila, Taxila, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Horizon University College, Ajman, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528","https://openalex.org/I2799651553"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.3177,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57351342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"188432","last_page":"188446"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.8697999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.8697999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.03880000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.011900000274181366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.5422000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.45680001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-forecasting","display_name":"Demand forecasting","score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.3828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-demand","display_name":"Dynamic demand","score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain","display_name":"Supply chain","score":0.3463999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scarcity","display_name":"Scarcity","score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.3296999931335449}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6680999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.5422000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.45680001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193809577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409300","display_name":"Demand forecasting","level":2,"score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.3828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45872418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318966","display_name":"Dynamic demand","level":3,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.3463999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109747225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815758","display_name":"Scarcity","level":2,"score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.3296999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59427239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40858","display_name":"Natural gas","level":2,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983317576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1853339","display_name":"Power demand","level":4,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129785596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q619511","display_name":"Chebyshev polynomials","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983177510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1853339","display_name":"Energy demand","level":2,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179366874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185130","display_name":"Demand management","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985347565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2151621","display_name":"Energy sector","level":2,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120330832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166656","display_name":"Supply and demand","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3627150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3627150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/140753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3627150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401662","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fd37ab13ae78473ca9be8a524e232035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fd37ab13ae78473ca9be8a524e232035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 188432-188446 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3627150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3627150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Effective":[0],"forecasting":[1],"of":[2,26,42,71,128,140],"natural":[3,27,102],"gas":[4,28,103],"consumption":[5,29],"in":[6,54,101,105,125,143],"the":[7,21,31,40,64,117,126,138,141],"Pakistan\u2019s":[8],"power":[9,32,106],"sector":[10,33],"is":[11],"crucial":[12],"for":[13,150],"energy":[14],"management":[15],"and":[16,23,92,115,130],"supply":[17],"chain":[18],"optimization.":[19],"However,":[20],"non-linear":[22],"irregular":[24],"behavior":[25],"by":[30,39],"makes":[34],"it":[35],"significantly":[36],"complex,":[37],"compounded":[38],"scarcity":[41],"spatially":[43],"attuned":[44],"transformer":[45],"models":[46],"integrating":[47],"regional":[48],"climatic":[49,145],"heterogeneities":[50],"with":[51,123,147],"temporal":[52,99],"volatilities":[53],"import-dependent":[55],"economies.":[56],"To":[57],"address":[58],"this":[59,61],"gap,":[60],"paper":[62],"proposes":[63],"Transformer-based":[65],"Spatio-Temporal":[66],"Framework":[67],"(TSTF),":[68],"an":[69],"adaptation":[70],"multiscale":[72,98],"transformers":[73],"that":[74],"synergizes":[75],"Chebyshev":[76],"graph":[77],"convolution":[78],"networks":[79],"(ChebyNet)":[80],"to":[81,96,109],"encode":[82],"geospatial":[83],"dependencies":[84],"across":[85],"urban":[86],"centers":[87],"(e.g.,":[88],"Lahore,":[89],"Faisalabad,":[90],"Multan)":[91],"multi-head":[93],"attention":[94],"mechanisms":[95],"model":[97,119],"patterns":[100],"demand":[104],"sector.":[107],"Compared":[108],"established":[110],"baselines":[111],"such":[112],"as":[113],"LSTM":[114],"GRU,":[116],"proposed":[118],"achieves":[120],"superior":[121],"performance,":[122],"MAE":[124],"range":[127],"27.99\u201334.44":[129],"R\u00b2":[131],"between":[132],"0.93\u20130.96.":[133],"The":[134],"experimental":[135],"results":[136],"demonstrate":[137],"effectiveness":[139],"approach":[142],"addressing":[144],"volatility,":[146],"practical":[148],"implications":[149],"optimizing":[151],"operations.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-30T00:00:00"}