{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415593845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3625586","title":"Optimizing Microgrid Efficiency: A Methodological Approach to Scheduling Combined Heat and Power Systems With Renewable Energy Sources and Diverse Battery Technologies","display_name":"Optimizing Microgrid Efficiency: A Methodological Approach to Scheduling Combined Heat and Power Systems With Renewable Energy Sources and Diverse Battery Technologies","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415593845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3625586"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3625586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3625586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3625586","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053356610","display_name":"Hashim Alnami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3443-5354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91450128","display_name":"Jazan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bjnq803","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91450128"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hashim Alnami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91450128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002783089","display_name":"Ghareeb Moustafa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-5251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91450128","display_name":"Jazan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bjnq803","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91450128"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghareeb Moustafa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-5251","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91450128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120152268","display_name":"Badr M Al Faiya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91450128","display_name":"Jazan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bjnq803","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91450128"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Badr M. Al Faiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91450128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003184886","display_name":"Sultan Hassan Hakmi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91450128","display_name":"Jazan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bjnq803","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91450128"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sultan Hassan Hakmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8612-5878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91450128"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019228075","display_name":"Mostafa H. Mostafa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1050-5040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I338016083","display_name":"University of Sadat City","ror":"https://ror.org/05p2q6194","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I338016083"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa H. Mostafa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al Ryada University for Science and Technology, Sadat City, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1050-5040","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al Ryada University for Science and Technology, Sadat City, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I338016083"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053356610"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91450128"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36909681,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"186121","last_page":"186137"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.9513999819755554,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.673799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.629800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.48570001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.4848000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.46149998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.4239000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cogeneration","display_name":"Cogeneration","score":0.387800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.3393000066280365}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6765000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.673799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.629800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.48570001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.4848000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.46149998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.4239000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776756539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221620","display_name":"Cogeneration","level":4,"score":0.387800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.37380000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.3393000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.3334999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.3151000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55416958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206757","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","level":3,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183287310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142963","display_name":"Thermal energy storage","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357554","display_name":"Load management","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143517461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138571","display_name":"Renewable resource","level":3,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982719155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25584060","display_name":"Energy source","level":3,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520301825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380170","display_name":"Energy conservation","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40293303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27137","display_name":"Electric power","level":3,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3625586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3625586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5e963a5d6ddb44deb905e4118624b1e2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5e963a5d6ddb44deb905e4118624b1e2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 186121-186137 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3625586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3625586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,64,148,196],"escalating":[1],"reliance":[2],"on":[3,158],"renewable":[4],"energy":[5,82,203,273],"sources":[6,204],"(RES)":[7],"is":[8,84,106,131,216],"revolutionizing":[9],"microgrids":[10,57],"(\u03bcGs),":[11],"making":[12],"coordinated":[13],"scheduling":[14,36],"of":[15,38,56,116,139,153,201,249],"these":[16],"systems":[17],"not":[18],"just":[19],"beneficial":[20],"but":[21],"essential":[22],"for":[23,135,174,233],"optimizing":[24],"efficiency":[25],"and":[26,41,53,75,95,125,141,156,160,166,193,209,228,251],"meeting":[27],"electrical":[28,213],"load":[29],"demands":[30,55],"effectively.":[31],"This":[32],"study":[33,149],"addresses":[34],"the":[35,50,71,111,120,136,151,199,219,239,247],"challenges":[37],"combined":[39],"heat":[40,52,74,126],"power":[42,54,76,162],"(CHP)":[43],"systems,":[44,91],"proposing":[45],"a":[46,96,129,234],"methodology":[47],"that":[48,133,218,237],"meets":[49],"total":[51,61],"(\u03bcG)":[58],"while":[59],"minimizing":[60],"operation":[62],"costs.":[63],"approach":[65],"integrates":[66],"key":[67],"technical":[68],"constraints,":[69],"particularly":[70],"interdependencies":[72],"between":[73,123],"production":[77],"in":[78,205,271],"CHP":[79,90,92,117],"units.":[80],"Optimal":[81],"management":[83],"evaluated":[85],"across":[86],"three":[87],"scenarios:":[88],"standalone":[89],"with":[93,212,246,260],"RES,":[94,154],"comprehensive":[97,235],"model":[98,105,236],"including":[99],"battery":[100,182],"storage":[101],"(BS)":[102],"systems.":[103],"A":[104],"developed":[107],"to":[108],"accurately":[109],"represent":[110],"non-convex":[112],"feasible":[113],"operating":[114],"regions":[115],"units,":[118],"highlighting":[119,253],"intricate":[121],"interactions":[122],"electricity":[124,140],"generation.":[127],"Additionally,":[128,242],"framework":[130],"introduced":[132],"accounts":[134],"dual":[137],"dependency":[138],"thermal":[142],"output,":[143],"enhancing":[144,262],"resource":[145],"allocation":[146],"optimization.":[147],"investigates":[150],"impact":[152],"CHP,":[155],"BS":[157,240,261],"active":[159,224],"reactive":[161,229],"losses,":[163],"operational":[164,243],"costs,":[165],"voltage":[167,207],"profiles.":[168],"To":[169],"improve":[170],"financial":[171],"efficiency,":[172],"strategies":[173],"selecting":[175],"cost-effective":[176],"technologies":[177],"are":[178],"explored,":[179],"evaluating":[180],"five":[181],"types:":[183],"Lithium-Ion":[184],"(Li-ion),":[185],"Sodium-Nickel":[186],"Chloride":[187],"(Na-NiCl2),":[188],"Nickel-Cadmium":[189],"(NiCd),":[190],"Sodium-Sulfur":[191],"(NaS),":[192],"Lead-Acid":[194],"(Pb-A).":[195],"analysis":[197],"emphasizes":[198],"importance":[200],"diverse":[202],"mitigating":[206],"fluctuations":[208],"ensuring":[210],"compliance":[211],"standards.":[214],"It":[215],"observed":[217],"proposed":[220],"method":[221],"helps":[222],"reduce":[223],"losses":[225,230],"by":[226,231],"28.15%":[227],"33.36%":[232],"includes":[238],"system.":[241],"costs":[244],"decrease":[245],"integration":[248],"RES":[250],"BS,":[252],"economic":[254],"benefits.":[255],"Voltage":[256],"profiles":[257],"also":[258],"improve,":[259],"stability":[263],"during":[264],"peak":[265],"demand,":[266],"underscoring":[267],"its":[268],"crucial":[269],"role":[270],"future":[272],"system":[274],"designs.":[275]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-28T00:00:00"}
