{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415482447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3624841","title":"Iterative Positioning With Two Step Weighted Linear Least Squares for 6G ISAC","display_name":"Iterative Positioning With Two Step Weighted Linear Least Squares for 6G ISAC","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415482447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3624841"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3624841","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3624841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3624841","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008349599","display_name":"Jinyoung Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9780-1538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28615091","display_name":"Kyonggi University","ror":"https://ror.org/032xf8h46","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28615091"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ji Young Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28615091"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102727471","display_name":"Sang Won Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28615091","display_name":"Kyonggi University","ror":"https://ror.org/032xf8h46","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28615091"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang Won Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28615091"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008349599"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28615091"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32441786,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"187030","last_page":"187041"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-squares-function-approximation","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","score":0.6208000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-method","display_name":"Iterative method","score":0.5752999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5368000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-least-squares","display_name":"Linear least squares","score":0.47909998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iteratively-reweighted-least-squares","display_name":"Iteratively reweighted least squares","score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.382099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-step","display_name":"Two step","score":0.376800000667572}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9936470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510405","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","level":3,"score":0.6208000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6161999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.5752999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5368000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4875999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58663186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6553462","display_name":"Linear least squares","level":3,"score":0.47909998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126090379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094424","display_name":"Iteratively reweighted least squares","level":4,"score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.382099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019136120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2462428","display_name":"Two step","level":2,"score":0.376800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57869625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783502","display_name":"Rate of convergence","level":3,"score":0.35030001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45923927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3319230","display_name":"Non-linear least squares","level":3,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143587482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543216","display_name":"Iterative and incremental development","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188649462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2246261","display_name":"Generalized least squares","level":3,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779982483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094420","display_name":"Iterative refinement","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145249878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835868","display_name":"Recursive least squares filter","level":3,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103784038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386228","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","level":3,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3624841","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3624841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:072b2e1610c3401d96af7c9d4094accd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/072b2e1610c3401d96af7c9d4094accd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 187030-187041 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3624841","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3624841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,33],"study,":[2],"we":[3,128],"propose":[4],"a":[5,122],"Modified":[6],"Two":[7,47,95],"step":[8,48,96],"Weighted":[9,49,97],"Linear":[10,50,98],"Least":[11,51,99],"Squares":[12,52,100],"(MTWLLS)":[13],"approach":[14],"for":[15,135],"6G":[16],"Integrated":[17],"Sensing":[18],"And":[19],"Communication":[20],"(ISAC)-based":[21],"positioning":[22],"in":[23,109],"indoor":[24],"environments":[25],"using":[26],"range":[27],"measurements.":[28],"The":[29,61,89,142],"primary":[30],"contribution":[31],"of":[32,38,91,118,125,144],"paper":[34],"is":[35,102,148],"the":[36,45,66,70,76,81,86,92,106,116,119,130,139,145,155,161],"development":[37],"an":[39],"effective":[40],"iterative":[41,140],"methodology":[42],"to":[43,83],"enhance":[44],"conventional":[46],"(TWLLS)":[53],"method":[54,63],"by":[55,104],"incorporating":[56],"more":[57],"reliable":[58],"measurement":[59],"information.":[60],"proposed":[62,93],"iteratively":[64],"updates":[65],"weights":[67,78],"based":[68],"on":[69],"current":[71],"position":[72],"estimates":[73],"and":[74,115,160],"feeds":[75],"refined":[77],"back":[79],"into":[80],"MTWLLS":[82],"progressively":[84],"improve":[85],"estimation":[87,110],"accuracy.":[88],"efficiency":[90],"Iterative":[94],"(ITWLLS)":[101],"optimized":[103,146],"observing":[105],"decreasing":[107],"trend":[108],"error":[111],"with":[112],"increasing":[113],"iterations,":[114],"convergence":[117],"algorithm":[120],"after":[121],"specified":[123],"number":[124],"iterations.":[126],"Furthermore,":[127],"investigate":[129],"optimal":[131],"learning":[132],"rate":[133],"used":[134],"distance":[136],"refinement":[137],"during":[138],"process.":[141],"efficacy":[143],"ITWLLS":[147],"substantiated":[149],"through":[150],"numerical":[151],"simulations,":[152],"which":[153],"employ":[154],"Average":[156],"Positioning":[157],"Error":[158],"(APE)":[159],"Cumulative":[162],"Distribution":[163],"Function":[164],"(CDF)":[165],"as":[166],"performance":[167],"metrics.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-23T00:00:00"}