{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415250763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3622335","title":"FedHiGraphSAGE: A Hierarchical Graph Neural Network Model for Multi-Level Anomaly Detection in Federated Cloud Environments","display_name":"FedHiGraphSAGE: A Hierarchical Graph Neural Network Model for Multi-Level Anomaly Detection in Federated Cloud Environments","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415250763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3622335"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3622335","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3622335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3622335","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053069968","display_name":"Comfort Lawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3262-020X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186771145","display_name":"Covenant University","ror":"https://ror.org/00frr1n84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186771145"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Comfort Lawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3262-020X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186771145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Olaniyan Olatayo Moses","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43427933","display_name":"Federal University Oye Ekiti","ror":"https://ror.org/02q5h6807","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43427933"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olaniyan Olatayo Moses","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye, Ekiti, Nigeria","Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye, Ekiti, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43427933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43427933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019253122","display_name":"Kennedy Okokpujie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7594-276X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186771145","display_name":"Covenant University","ror":"https://ror.org/00frr1n84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186771145"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kennedy Okokpujie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7594-276X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186771145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064263474","display_name":"Emmanuel Adetiba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-7389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186771145","display_name":"Covenant University","ror":"https://ror.org/00frr1n84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186771145"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Adetiba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-7389","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186771145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031253024","display_name":"Bamidele Adebisi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9071-9120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bamidele Adebisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, U.K","Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9071-9120","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dare Oluwatobi Emmanuel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4122-947X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186771145","display_name":"Covenant University","ror":"https://ror.org/00frr1n84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186771145"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dare Oluwatobi Emmanuel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4122-947X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186771145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053069968"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186771145"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.3019,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86076965,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"183985","last_page":"184010"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7432000041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6980999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.566100001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.491100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.45350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-database-model","display_name":"Hierarchical database model","score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.3569999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.816100001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7432000041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6980999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.605400025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.566100001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.491100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4147999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144986985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q871236","display_name":"Hierarchical database model","level":2,"score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33809998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3334999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.32739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138958017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190087","display_name":"Data type","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106937863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236518","display_name":"Power graph analysis","level":3,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3739613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679003","display_name":"Distributed Computing Environment","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104122410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416406","display_name":"Network model","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3622335","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3622335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:e-space.mmu.ac.uk:642525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3262-020X","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401617","display_name":"e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","host_organization_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:541b8f87174e4e81bf558d93291e9388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/541b8f87174e4e81bf558d93291e9388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 183985-184010 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3622335","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3622335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335893","display_name":"Covenant University Centre for Research, Innovation and Discovery","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Anomaly":[0],"detection":[1,30,60],"in":[2,106,168,211],"cloud":[3,51,86,142],"computing":[4],"environments":[5],"is":[6,105],"increasingly":[7],"challenging":[8],"due":[9],"to":[10,39,94,202],"the":[11,16,22,41,82,145,190],"complexity":[12],"of":[13,18,25,47,103,147],"distributed":[14],"architectures,":[15],"heterogeneity":[17],"infrastructure":[19],"components,":[20],"and":[21,44,61,69,88,97,127,154,208],"high":[23],"volume":[24],"monitoring":[26],"data.":[27],"Traditional":[28],"anomaly":[29,59],"approaches":[31],"typically":[32],"provide":[33],"limited":[34],"classification":[35,62,93,183],"capabilities,":[36],"often":[37],"failing":[38],"identify":[40,96],"specific":[42],"type":[43],"exact":[45],"location":[46],"anomalies":[48,104],"within":[49],"complex":[50],"infrastructures.":[52],"This":[53],"paper":[54],"introduces":[55],"a":[56,90,139],"novel":[57],"multi-level":[58],"model":[63,193],"named":[64],"Federated":[65],"Hierarchical":[66],"Graph":[67],"Sampling":[68],"Aggregation":[70],"(FedHiGraphSAGE).":[71],"Our":[72],"approach":[73],"transforms":[74],"log":[75],"data":[76,136],"into":[77],"graph":[78,196],"structures":[79],"that":[80,189],"capture":[81],"relationships":[83],"between":[84],"different":[85],"components":[87],"employs":[89],"five-level":[91],"hierarchical":[92,151,174,205,216],"precisely":[95],"categorize":[98],"anomalies.":[99],"The":[100,163,185],"fine-grained":[101],"categorization":[102],"five":[107],"levels,":[108],"which":[109],"include:":[110],"<italic":[111,115,119,123,128],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[112,116,120,124,129],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">anomaly":[113],"identification</i>,":[114],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">type":[117],"classification</i>,":[118],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">domain":[121],"attribution</i>,":[122],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">component":[125],"localization</i>,":[126],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">specific":[130],"module":[131],"identification</i>.":[132],"Experimental":[133],"evaluation":[134],"on":[135],"collected":[137],"from":[138],"real":[140],"federated":[141],"environment":[143],"demonstrates":[144],"effectiveness":[146],"our":[148],"approach,":[149],"achieving":[150,200],"precision,":[152],"recall,":[153],"F1":[155,206],"scores":[156,207],"exceeding":[157],"0.99":[158],"across":[159,182],"multiple":[160],"regional":[161],"deployments.":[162],"ablation":[164,186],"studies":[165],"carried":[166],"out":[167],"this":[169],"work":[170],"further":[171],"reveals":[172],"interesting":[173],"feature":[175,178],"interdependencies,":[176],"where":[177],"utility":[179],"varies":[180],"significantly":[181],"levels.":[184],"results":[187],"indicate":[188],"proposed":[191],"FedHiGraphSAGE":[192],"outperforms":[194],"traditional":[195],"neural":[197],"networks":[198],"by":[199],"up":[201],"16.3%":[203],"higher":[204],"55.7%":[209],"improvement":[210],"path":[212],"accuracy":[213],"for":[214],"complete":[215],"classification.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-16T00:00:00"}