{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7091710127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3622103","title":"Continuous-Time Modeling in Educational Data Mining and Learning Analytics: A Literature Review on Methods, Ethics, and Emerging AI Trends","display_name":"Continuous-Time Modeling in Educational Data Mining and Learning Analytics: A Literature Review on Methods, Ethics, and Emerging AI Trends","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7091710127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3622103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3622103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3622103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3622103","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Abdelkarim Bettahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6951-1254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126477371","display_name":"Mohammed V University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8w8f84","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127336678","display_name":"Ecole Mohammadia d'Ing\u00e9nieurs","ror":"https://ror.org/00md3qm14","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127336678"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelkarim Bettahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Mohammadia School of Engineers, AMIPS Research Team, E3S Research Center, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6951-1254","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Mohammadia School of Engineers, AMIPS Research Team, E3S Research Center, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371","https://openalex.org/I127336678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Fatima-Zahra Beloudha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126477371","display_name":"Mohammed V University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8w8f84","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127336678","display_name":"Ecole Mohammadia d'Ing\u00e9nieurs","ror":"https://ror.org/00md3qm14","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127336678"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatima-Zahra Beloudha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Mohammadia School of Engineers, AMIPS Research Team, E3S Research Center, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Mohammadia School of Engineers, AMIPS Research Team, E3S Research Center, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371","https://openalex.org/I127336678"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hamid Harroud","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47844","display_name":"Al Akhawayn University","ror":"https://ror.org/03erkev52","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47844"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamid Harroud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Al Akhawayn University, Ifrane, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Al Akhawayn University, Ifrane, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47844"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.7715,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96274574,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"181443","last_page":"181464"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.7663000226020813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.7663000226020813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.11670000106096268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.009499999694526196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder","display_name":"Stakeholder","score":0.4228000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.40220001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.39469999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.3847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-data-mining","display_name":"Educational data mining","score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-analytics","display_name":"Learning analytics","score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytics","display_name":"Analytics","score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-extraction","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","score":0.35280001163482666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.697700023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.6931999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201305675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852998","display_name":"Stakeholder","level":2,"score":0.4228000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4124999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.40220001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.39469999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777598771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5341279","display_name":"Educational data mining","level":2,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845208","display_name":"Learning analytics","level":2,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120567893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1582085","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","level":2,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175801342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1988917","display_name":"Data analysis","level":2,"score":0.34470000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.3402999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3400999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36727532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861399","display_name":"Educational research","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152864","display_name":"Grounded theory","level":3,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3622103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3622103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bd9134bbf8ba43809aecba84e306194f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bd9134bbf8ba43809aecba84e306194f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 181443-181464 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3622103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3622103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,100,125],"literature":[1],"review":[2,101,126,158],"consolidates":[3],"key":[4],"insights":[5,174],"from":[6,46],"Educational":[7],"Data":[8],"Mining":[9],"(EDM)":[10],"and":[11,22,38,56,63,80,111,135,144,154,170],"Learning":[12],"Analytics":[13],"(LA),":[14],"charting":[15],"how":[16],"AI-driven":[17],"methods":[18],"transform":[19],"teaching,":[20],"learning,":[21],"institutional":[23],"decision":[24],"making.":[25],"Foundational":[26],"studies":[27],"have":[28,67],"highlighted":[29],"the":[30,47,160,176],"potential":[31,120],"of":[32,50],"personalizing":[33],"education,":[34],"detecting":[35],"at-risk":[36],"students,":[37],"scaling":[39],"ethical":[40],"data":[41,90,136],"usage.":[42],"However,":[43],"complexities":[44],"arise":[45],"irregular":[48,89],"sampling":[49],"learner":[51],"logs,":[52],"evolving":[53],"methodological":[54],"frameworks,":[55,105],"deeply":[57],"rooted":[58],"concerns":[59],"about":[60],"equity,":[61],"privacy,":[62],"interpretability.":[64],"Recent":[65],"discussions":[66],"introduced":[68],"continuous-time":[69,168],"modeling":[70,107],"techniques":[71],"such":[72,130],"as":[73,131],"Neural":[74,81],"Ordinary":[75],"Differential":[76,83],"Equations":[77,84],"(Neural":[78,85],"ODEs)":[79],"Controlled":[82],"CDEs)":[86],"to":[87,121],"address":[88],"streams,":[91],"but":[92],"empirical":[93],"evidence":[94],"in":[95,167,186],"educational":[96],"contexts":[97],"remains":[98],"limited.":[99],"synthesizes":[102],"foundational":[103],"EDM":[104],"predictive":[106],"advances,":[108],"equity-driven":[109],"approaches,":[110],"emerging":[112],"AI":[113,185],"applications":[114],"(e.g.,":[115],"generative":[116],"AI),":[117],"emphasizing":[118],"their":[119],"reshape":[122],"traditional":[123],"analytics.":[124,146],"also":[127],"examines":[128],"issues,":[129],"fairness,":[132],"stakeholder":[133],"engagement,":[134],"governance,":[137],"which":[138],"are":[139],"critical":[140],"for":[141,162,178],"implementing":[142],"robust":[143],"transparent":[145],"By":[147],"interweaving":[148],"thematic":[149],"areas,":[150],"including":[151],"socio-economic,":[152],"psychosocial,":[153],"behavioral":[155],"factors,":[156],"this":[157],"underscores":[159],"need":[161],"interdisciplinary,":[163],"ethically":[164],"grounded":[165],"research":[166],"frameworks":[169],"beyond.":[171],"Ultimately,":[172],"these":[173],"pave":[175],"way":[177],"a":[179],"more":[180],"holistic,":[181],"human-centered":[182],"future,":[183],"where":[184],"education":[187],"balances":[188],"technical":[189],"innovation":[190],"with":[191],"responsible":[192],"equitable":[193],"best":[194],"practices.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-08-16T07:02:28.622633","created_date":"2025-10-16T00:00:00"}