{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415123892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3620489","title":"OOK Harmonic Rectifier-Modulator for Self-Aligning Wireless IoT Sensor Nodes With Uncompromised Efficiency","display_name":"OOK Harmonic Rectifier-Modulator for Self-Aligning Wireless IoT Sensor Nodes With Uncompromised Efficiency","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415123892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3620489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3620489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3620489","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3620489","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016837959","display_name":"Geonwoo Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141371507","display_name":"Soongsil University","ror":"https://ror.org/017xnm587","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141371507"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geonwoo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Semiconductors, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0531-9459","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Semiconductors, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141371507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073343319","display_name":"Nam-Kyung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5359-0687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141371507","display_name":"Soongsil University","ror":"https://ror.org/017xnm587","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141371507"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Namkyung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Semiconductors, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Semiconductors, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141371507"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100764558","display_name":"Juntaek Oh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4694-8545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141371507","display_name":"Soongsil University","ror":"https://ror.org/017xnm587","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141371507"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juntaek Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Semiconductors, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4694-8545","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Semiconductors, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141371507"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141371507"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31302142,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"176977","last_page":"176984"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14420","display_name":"Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.8812999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14420","display_name":"Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.8812999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13816","display_name":"Advanced Signal Processing Techniques","score":0.8680999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13983","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Information Systems","score":0.8446000218391418,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic","display_name":"Harmonic","score":0.6419000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6140999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keying","display_name":"Keying","score":0.6043999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-power-transfer","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","score":0.5853999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.560699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-off-keying","display_name":"On-off keying","score":0.5171999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.48019999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4634999930858612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.6419000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6140999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.6043999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5895000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779423816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6856398","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","level":3,"score":0.5853999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.573199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.560699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170030856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136128","display_name":"On-off keying","level":5,"score":0.5171999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5097000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.48019999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4634999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131770355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876215","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","level":2,"score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4187000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46526593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1748579","display_name":"Rectenna","level":4,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.3662000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206991015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192704","display_name":"Energy conversion efficiency","level":2,"score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42156128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162641","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","level":3,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777973058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477284","display_name":"Amplitude-shift keying","level":5,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25600001215934753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3620489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3620489","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3670af5c6b444b3788ed0250ee20ae2e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3670af5c6b444b3788ed0250ee20ae2e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 176977-176984 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3620489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3620489","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4571366034","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00218972","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,81,159],"harmonic":[4,56,153],"based":[5],"on-off":[6,122],"keying":[7],"(OOK)":[8],"rectifier-modulator":[9],"(HRM)":[10],"for":[11,97,182,188],"energy":[12,167],"efficient":[13],"battery-less":[14],"self-aligning":[15],"wireless":[16,49,184],"sensor":[17,186],"nodes.":[18],"The":[19,54],"proposed":[20],"HRM":[21],"efficiently":[22],"converts":[23],"the":[24,48,61,68,86,98,179],"incident":[25],"fundamental":[26],"power":[27,50,75],"to":[28],"DC":[29],"and":[30,44,95,100,108,152],"simultaneously":[31],"backscatters":[32],"an":[33],"OOK-modulated":[34],"second-harmonic":[35],"(2f<sub":[36],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[37,63],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">0</sub>)":[38],"signal,":[39],"thereby":[40],"enabling":[41],"straightforward":[42],"localization":[43],"data":[45],"communication":[46],"with":[47,139,169],"transfer":[51],"(WPT)":[52],"transmitter.":[53],"OOK":[55,135],"control":[57],"network":[58],"(HCN)":[59],"modulates":[60],"2f<sub":[62],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">0</sub>":[64],"signal":[65],"without":[66],"disturbing":[67],"diode\u2019s":[69],"fundamental-band":[70],"impedance,":[71],"thus":[72],"maintaining":[73],"high":[74,165],"conversion":[76,110],"efficiency":[77,166],"(PCE).":[78],"Fabricated":[79],"on":[80],"0.79-mm":[82],"Taconic":[83],"TLC-32":[84],"substrate,":[85],"prototype":[87],"preserves":[88],"virtually":[89],"identical":[90],"peak":[91],"PCEs":[92],"of":[93,113,124],"72.7%":[94],"73.8%":[96],"ON":[99],"OFF":[101],"states,":[102],"respectively,":[103],"at":[104,116,130,142],"27":[105],"dBm":[106],"input":[107],"achieves":[109],"gains":[111],"(CG)":[112],"\u221211.1":[114],"dB":[115,129],"11":[117],"dBm,":[118],"respectively.":[119],"A":[120],"measured":[121],"isolation":[123],"23":[125],"dB,":[126],"exceeding":[127],"10":[128],"2.3\u20132.6":[131],"GHz,":[132],"confirmed":[133],"robust":[134],"modulation.":[136],"System-level":[137],"tests":[138],"patch":[140],"antennas":[141],"2.45/4.9":[143],"GHz":[144],"further":[145],"verified":[146],"stable":[147],"direct":[148],"current":[149],"(DC)":[150],"harvesting":[151,168],"backscatter":[154],"under":[155],"spatial":[156],"misalignments,":[157],"demonstrating":[158],"compact":[160],"passive":[161],"solution":[162],"that":[163],"merges":[164],"self-beam":[170],"alignment":[171],"in":[172],"practical":[173],"WPT":[174],"links.":[175],"These":[176],"features":[177],"make":[178],"tag":[180],"suitable":[181],"distributed":[183],"IoT":[185],"nodes,":[187],"which":[189],"battery":[190],"replacement":[191],"is":[192],"impractical.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-14T00:00:00"}
