{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415003030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3619773","title":"Predicting Gestational Hypertension Risk in High-Density Cities: A Time-Weighted Heat-Humidity Exposure and Built Environment Analysis Using XGBoost in Shanghai","display_name":"Predicting Gestational Hypertension Risk in High-Density Cities: A Time-Weighted Heat-Humidity Exposure and Built Environment Analysis Using XGBoost in Shanghai","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415003030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3619773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3619773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3619773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3619773","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101652263","display_name":"Fei Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-9436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-9436","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109787078","display_name":"Yeqing Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeqing Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3991-5138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100433253","display_name":"Jun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1706-1611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801518579","display_name":"XinHua Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04dzvks42","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801518579"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children&#x2019;s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children&#x2019;s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801518579"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Liqiang Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1309-0102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801518579","display_name":"XinHua Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04dzvks42","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801518579"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liqiang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children&#x2019;s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1309-0102","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children&#x2019;s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801518579"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063579814","display_name":"Ruiheng Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7593-6143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiheng Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100640211","display_name":"Dongxu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3950-5084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongxu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015915347","display_name":"Hongchi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8148-3435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongchi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8148-3435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028981141","display_name":"Jing Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7054-5434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7054-5434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.325865,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"194197","last_page":"194211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11244","display_name":"Climate Change and Health Impacts","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11244","display_name":"Climate Change and Health Impacts","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-heat","display_name":"Extreme heat","score":0.661300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnancy","display_name":"Pregnancy","score":0.6288999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression","display_name":"Logistic regression","score":0.5993000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.49140000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lag","display_name":"Lag","score":0.4564000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-interval","display_name":"Confidence interval","score":0.44670000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gestational-hypertension","display_name":"Gestational hypertension","score":0.4431999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effect-modification","display_name":"Effect modification","score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-lag","display_name":"Distributed lag","score":0.3840999901294708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.6736999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993190167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215864","display_name":"Extreme heat","level":3,"score":0.661300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.6288999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5993000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5544999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.49140000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75778745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q342626","display_name":"Lag","level":2,"score":0.4564000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.44670000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777583542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519482","display_name":"Gestational hypertension","level":4,"score":0.4431999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020637660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665869","display_name":"Effect modification","level":3,"score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159009313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283159","display_name":"Distributed lag","level":2,"score":0.3840999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205537798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277161","display_name":"Extreme weather","level":3,"score":0.3767000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.3756999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3610999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993220731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215864","display_name":"Heat wave","level":3,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54005896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215712","display_name":"Urban heat island","level":2,"score":0.33180001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148803439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4986688","display_name":"Built environment","level":2,"score":0.3294000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778376644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2253111","display_name":"Gestational age","level":3,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46973012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28627","display_name":"Gestation","level":3,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777218350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61335","display_name":"Preeclampsia","level":3,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18246116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42962347","display_name":"Names of the days of the week","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993843871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663","display_name":"Hot weather","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3619773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3619773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:43e123e04f874e9cac08a7e2eb5ee2fe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/43e123e04f874e9cac08a7e2eb5ee2fe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 194197-194211 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3619773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3619773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6541857451","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XHEC-C-2016-016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317789","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317789","display_name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Commission","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,90],"synergistic":[1],"mechanisms":[2,79],"of":[3,14,56,165,211],"hot-humid":[4],"climate":[5,231],"and":[6,52,84,111,225],"the":[7,54,77,94,100,140,150,175,208],"built":[8],"environment":[9],"(BE)":[10],"on":[11,214],"Hypertensive":[12],"Disorders":[13],"Pregnancy":[15],"(HDP)":[16],"in":[17,120,244],"high-density":[18],"cities":[19],"remain":[20],"unclear.":[21],"This":[22,205],"study":[23,206],"integrated":[24],"longitudinal":[25],"data":[26],"from":[27,152],"4,142":[28],"singleton":[29],"pregnancies":[30],"(including":[31],"227":[32],"HDP":[33,72,127,181],"cases)":[34],"monitored":[35],"throughout":[36],"pregnancy":[37,222],"at":[38],"a":[39,45,104,218],"Shanghai":[40],"hospital":[41],"(2016\u20132024).":[42],"We":[43,74],"constructed":[44],"neighborhood-level,":[46],"multi-source":[47],"environmental":[48,212],"exposure":[49,82,155,160],"database":[50],"(temperature/humidity/BE)":[51],"compared":[53],"performance":[55,97],"multiple":[57],"models":[58],"(Discrete-Time":[59],"Logistic":[60],"Regression":[61],"(DTLR),":[62],"Deep":[63],"Neural":[64],"Networks":[65],"(DNN),":[66],"eXtreme":[67],"Gradient":[68],"Boosting":[69],"(XGBoost))":[70],"for":[71,221,237],"risk.":[73],"further":[75],"investigated":[76],"association":[78],"between":[80],"different":[81],"types":[83],"HDP.":[85],"Key":[86],"findings":[87,234],"include:":[88],"1.":[89],"XGBoost":[91],"model":[92,106],"achieved":[93],"optimal":[95],"predictive":[96],"(Area":[98],"Under":[99],"Curve,":[101],"AUC=0.847),":[102],"outperforming":[103],"baseline":[105],"that":[107],"neglected":[108],"heat-humidity":[109],"synergy":[110],"time-weighting":[112],"by":[113,129,156],"\u0394AUC=0.05":[114],"(p=0.013);":[115],"2.":[116],"Each":[117],"0.1-unit":[118],"increase":[119],"green":[121],"view":[122],"index":[123],"(GVI)":[124],"significantly":[125],"reduced":[126],"risk":[128,151,182],"26%":[130],"(Odds":[131],"Ratio,":[132],"OR=0.74,":[133],"95%":[134,184],"Confidence":[135],"Interval,":[136],"CI:":[137,185],"0.62\u20130.89),":[138],"while":[139],"street":[141],"canyon":[142],"effect":[143],"(Sky":[144],"View":[145],"Factor,":[146],"SVF":[147],">0.6)":[148],"amplified":[149],"equivalent":[153],"heat":[154,167,189],"37%;":[157],"3.":[158],"Cumulative":[159],"to":[161],"just":[162],"3":[163],"days":[164],"moderate":[166],"(Moderate":[168],"Heat":[169,192],"Days":[170,193],"Lag":[171,194],"4,":[172,195],"MHDL4)":[173],"during":[174],"first":[176],"trimester":[177],"(<12":[178],"weeks)":[179],"doubled":[180],"(OR=1.79,":[183],"1.48\u20132.16),":[186],"with":[187],"extreme":[188,230],"events":[190],"(Extreme":[191],"EHDL4)":[196],"exhibiting":[197],"more":[198],"pronounced":[199],"lagged":[200],"effects":[201],"(4-day":[202],"lag":[203],"OR=2.03).":[204],"elucidates":[207],"potential":[209],"impacts":[210],"factors":[213],"maternal":[215,242],"health,":[216],"providing":[217],"crucial":[219],"reference":[220],"health":[223,243],"protection":[224],"policy":[226],"formulation":[227],"amid":[228],"increasing":[229],"events.":[232],"These":[233],"provide":[235],"support":[236],"heat-resilient":[238],"urban":[239],"planning":[240],"targeting":[241],"humid-hot":[245],"megacities.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-20T23:13:51.555489","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
