{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414871500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3617934","title":"A Comprehensive Review of Foreign Object Detection Methods in Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles With Conceptual Analysis","display_name":"A Comprehensive Review of Foreign Object Detection Methods in Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles With Conceptual Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414871500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3617934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3617934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3617934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3617934","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033515850","display_name":"Bilal Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4933-8849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bilal Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Research Laboratory, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Research Laboratory, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4933-8849","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Research Laboratory, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Research Laboratory, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033169668","display_name":"Saad Mekhilef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8544-8995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saad Mekhilef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Research Laboratory, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Research Laboratory, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8544-8995","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Research Laboratory, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Research Laboratory, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037430559","display_name":"Farha Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9270-5256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171210897","display_name":"Aligarh Muslim University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kw9gc02","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farha Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9270-5256","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009491543","display_name":"Marizan Mubin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7565-7822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marizan Mubin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Research Laboratory, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Research Laboratory, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7565-7822","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Research Laboratory, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Research Laboratory, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000908652","display_name":"Kok Soon Tey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6018-3978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tey Kok Soon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer System and Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6018-3978","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer System and Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062816177","display_name":"Addy Wahyudie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973-9000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117222138","display_name":"Abu Dhabi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3kjq03","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801277386","display_name":"Emirates Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05nd26619","country_code":"AE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801277386"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Addy Wahyudie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","Department of Electrical and communication Engineering, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973-9000","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117222138","https://openalex.org/I2801277386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and communication Engineering, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089109424","display_name":"Mohammad Hashmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1772-588X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Mudassir Hashmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Research Laboratory, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Research Laboratory, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Research Laboratory, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Research Laboratory, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021997505","display_name":"Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2538-4077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2538-4077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006830750","display_name":"Alex Stojcevski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3584-6597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799413724","display_name":"Singapore Science Park","ror":"https://ror.org/0023asr12","country_code":"SG","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799413724"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Stojcevski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science Park II, Curtin University Singapore, Science Park Road, Singapore","Science Park II, Curtin University Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Park II, Curtin University Singapore, Science Park Road, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799413724"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Park II, Curtin University Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799413724"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5352,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71444291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"18897","last_page":"18912"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-power-transfer","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","score":0.7074000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5864999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.42890000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitive-sensing","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","score":0.4262999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power","display_name":"Electric power","score":0.4000999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.3894999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-transfer-theorem","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.36419999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.36010000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779423816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6856398","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","level":3,"score":0.7074000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5864999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.42890000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206755178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131271","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","level":2,"score":0.4262999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.41780000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40293303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27137","display_name":"Electric power","level":3,"score":0.4000999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.3894999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17103352","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","level":3,"score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.36419999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184892835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474513","display_name":"Electromagnetic interference","level":2,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30322324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194156","display_name":"Cockpit","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2578999996185303}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3617934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3617934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f38ec8cbbc994beda5385cbb4675cc03","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f38ec8cbbc994beda5385cbb4675cc03","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 18897-18912 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3617934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3617934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987346655","https://openalex.org/W2007227942","https://openalex.org/W2011010393","https://openalex.org/W2030662952","https://openalex.org/W2041777380","https://openalex.org/W2056156424","https://openalex.org/W2095356712","https://openalex.org/W2105069563","https://openalex.org/W2111890927","https://openalex.org/W2123873447","https://openalex.org/W2528534172","https://openalex.org/W2570547391","https://openalex.org/W2572335263","https://openalex.org/W2602883158","https://openalex.org/W2620573924","https://openalex.org/W2728764900","https://openalex.org/W2738336954","https://openalex.org/W2743604776","https://openalex.org/W2759517409","https://openalex.org/W2761174949","https://openalex.org/W2766028707","https://openalex.org/W2769637816","https://openalex.org/W2772734097","https://openalex.org/W2779383716","https://openalex.org/W2789305177","https://openalex.org/W2883149166","https://openalex.org/W2885612104","https://openalex.org/W2902310226","https://openalex.org/W2927793849","https://openalex.org/W2947283814","https://openalex.org/W2969371849","https://openalex.org/W2970974462","https://openalex.org/W3009484426","https://openalex.org/W3012029036","https://openalex.org/W3017588842","https://openalex.org/W3027402340","https://openalex.org/W3034928066","https://openalex.org/W3037130338","https://openalex.org/W3047694304","https://openalex.org/W3108681685","https://openalex.org/W3115792982","https://openalex.org/W3128071286","https://openalex.org/W3142539203","https://openalex.org/W3150014388","https://openalex.org/W3173521726","https://openalex.org/W3184614308","https://openalex.org/W3204027683","https://openalex.org/W4213015236","https://openalex.org/W4225306920","https://openalex.org/W4300818149","https://openalex.org/W4380201805","https://openalex.org/W4386869717","https://openalex.org/W4396784174","https://openalex.org/W4405709422","https://openalex.org/W4407154993","https://openalex.org/W4410660790"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"Power":[1],"Transfer":[2],"(WPT)":[3],"systems":[4,29],"have":[5],"become":[6],"vital":[7],"technology":[8],"for":[9,79,204],"electric":[10],"vehicle":[11],"(EV)":[12],"charging,":[13],"offering":[14],"convenience,":[15],"automation,":[16],"and":[17,25,43,92,119,134,151,177,182,192,201,212],"resilience":[18],"in":[19,74],"harsh":[20],"environments.":[21],"However,":[22],"the":[23,33,47,147,165,202],"safety":[24],"efficiency":[26],"of":[27,35,146,149,167],"these":[28],"are":[30,141],"threatened":[31],"by":[32,101],"presence":[34],"foreign":[36,152,169],"objects":[37],"(FOs)":[38],"such":[39,171],"as":[40,172],"metallic":[41],"debris":[42],"biological":[44],"entities":[45],"near":[46],"power":[48],"transfer":[49],"zone.":[50],"These":[51],"intrusions":[52],"can":[53],"lead":[54],"to":[55,143,208],"electromagnetic":[56],"interference,":[57],"excessive":[58],"heating,":[59],"or":[60],"even":[61],"hazardous":[62],"failures.":[63],"This":[64],"review":[65],"comprehensively":[66],"analyzes":[67],"Foreign":[68],"Object":[69,89,94],"Detection":[70,90,95],"(FOD)":[71],"techniques":[72],"used":[73],"inductive":[75],"WPT":[76,156,183,215],"systems,":[77,115],"particularly":[78],"EV":[80,214],"applications.":[81],"The":[82,185],"paper":[83,186],"categorizes":[84],"detection":[85,129],"strategies":[86],"into":[87],"Metal":[88],"(MOD)":[91],"Living":[93],"(LOD).":[96],"It":[97],"further":[98],"classifies":[99],"them":[100],"sensing":[102],"principles:":[103],"electrical":[104],"parameter":[105],"monitoring,":[106],"magnetic":[107],"field":[108],"sensing,":[109],"thermal":[110],"detection,":[111],"capacitive":[112],"methods,":[113],"ultrasonic":[114],"vision":[116],"based":[117,127,162],"approaches,":[118],"hybrid":[120],"techniques.":[121],"A":[122],"comparative":[123],"performance":[124],"evaluation":[125],"is":[126],"on":[128,155,179],"accuracy,":[130],"cost,":[131],"environmental":[132],"robustness,":[133],"real-time":[135],"suitability.":[136],"Additionally,":[137],"original":[138],"conceptual":[139],"figures":[140],"included":[142],"support":[144],"understanding":[145],"impact":[148,166],"misalignment":[150],"object":[153],"interference":[154],"behavior.Moreover,":[157],"a":[158],"finite":[159],"element":[160],"modeling":[161],"analysis":[163],"demonstrates":[164],"various":[168],"materials,":[170],"cast":[173],"iron,":[174],"steel,":[175],"aluminum,":[176],"water,":[178],"coil":[180],"parameters":[181],"efficiency.":[184],"outlines":[187],"current":[188],"challenges,":[189],"integration":[190],"issues,":[191],"future":[193],"research":[194],"directions,":[195],"including":[196],"AI":[197],"driven":[198],"sensor":[199],"fusion":[200],"need":[203],"standardized":[205],"validation":[206],"platforms":[207],"enable":[209],"safe,":[210],"intelligent,":[211],"scalable":[213],"systems.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}