{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414871607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3617933","title":"Conductive Fabric-Based Embedded Antenna Structures for Automotive Applications","display_name":"Conductive Fabric-Based Embedded Antenna Structures for Automotive Applications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414871607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3617933"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3617933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3617933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3617933","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079105041","display_name":"Bhargav Avireni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0782-151X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhargav Avireni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Terahertz Systems Laboratory (TeSLa), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Terahertz Systems Lab (TeSLa), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0782-151X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Terahertz Systems Laboratory (TeSLa), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Terahertz Systems Lab (TeSLa), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006812830","display_name":"Ethan Kepros","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ethan Kepros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Terahertz Systems Laboratory (TeSLa), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Terahertz Systems Lab (TeSLa), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8340-9617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Terahertz Systems Laboratory (TeSLa), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Terahertz Systems Lab (TeSLa), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044616046","display_name":"Premjeet Chahal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8895-4516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Premjeet Chahal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Terahertz Systems Laboratory (TeSLa), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Terahertz Systems Lab (TeSLa), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8895-4516","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Terahertz Systems Laboratory (TeSLa), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Terahertz Systems Lab (TeSLa), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33172584,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"174200","last_page":"174209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-conductor","display_name":"Electrical conductor","score":0.652400016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstrip","display_name":"Microstrip","score":0.592199981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstrip-antenna","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/printed-circuit-board","display_name":"Printed circuit board","score":0.5527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabrication","display_name":"Fabrication","score":0.5361999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4869000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexible-electronics","display_name":"Flexible electronics","score":0.41850000619888306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202374169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124291","display_name":"Electrical conductor","level":2,"score":0.652400016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639055","display_name":"Microstrip","level":2,"score":0.592199981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170349913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13402882","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","level":3,"score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120793396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173350","display_name":"Printed circuit board","level":2,"score":0.5527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.5361999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4869000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.47130000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84967400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066289","display_name":"Flexible electronics","level":2,"score":0.41850000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159238334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1419428","display_name":"Patch antenna","level":3,"score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3736036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15525941","display_name":"Coplanar waveguide","level":3,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.36250001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.33309999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778520156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q449343","display_name":"Automotive electronics","level":3,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95496425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1466248","display_name":"Monopole antenna","level":3,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200687136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11233438","display_name":"Waveguide","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25435620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1497629","display_name":"Printed electronics","level":3,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110925319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12855","display_name":"Cable gland","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777892344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159386","display_name":"Conductive ink","level":4,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16193135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474129","display_name":"Electrical length","level":5,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3617933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3617933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c779a1da00da4639904650da89a208df","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c779a1da00da4639904650da89a208df","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 174200-174209 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3617933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3617933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"next":[1],"generation":[2],"of":[3,51,166,175,210],"automotives":[4],"will":[5],"incorporate":[6],"significant":[7],"electronic":[8],"components":[9,90],"and":[10,21,41,54,76,115,135,183,205,214],"sensors":[11],"to":[12,45,59,73,84,149,185],"meet":[13],"the":[14,71,88,123,211],"needs":[15],"for":[16,97,110],"safety,":[17],"communication,":[18],"efficient":[19],"operation":[20],"comfort.":[22],"Automotive":[23],"parts":[24],"are":[25,95,142,147,181,216],"largely":[26],"made":[27,50],"from":[28],"fiberglass":[29,150],"composites":[30,69],"as":[31],"they":[32],"provide":[33],"a":[34,55,107,153,163,173,177],"high":[35],"strength-to-weight":[36],"ratio,":[37],"light":[38],"weight,":[39],"strength":[40],"stiffness":[42],"in":[43,92,218],"comparison":[44],"metal":[46],"structures.":[47,125],"Fiberglass":[48],"is":[49,159],"glass":[52],"fibers":[53],"polymer":[56],"resin,":[57],"similar":[58],"printed":[60],"circuit":[61],"boards.":[62],"Embedded":[63],"(or":[64],"hidden)":[65],"electronics":[66],"within":[67],"such":[68],"have":[70],"potential":[72],"reduce":[74],"labor":[75],"material":[77],"costs":[78],"while":[79],"also":[80],"enabling":[81],"new":[82],"approaches":[83],"systems":[85],"packaging.":[86],"Among":[87],"many":[89],"needed":[91],"automotive,":[93],"antennas":[94,114,204],"crucial":[96],"next-generation":[98],"vehicle":[99],"connectivity.":[100],"Toward":[101],"this":[102,104,219],"goal,":[103],"paper":[105],"presents":[106],"novel":[108],"process":[109],"fabricating":[111],"conductive":[112,128,145],"fabric":[113],"other":[116],"radio":[117],"frequency":[118,164],"(RF)":[119],"structures":[120,180],"integrated":[121],"into":[122],"fiberglass-based":[124],"Two":[126],"different":[127],"fabrics,":[129],"copper":[130],"(total":[131,138],"thickness:":[132,139],"60":[133],"\u03bcm)":[134],"stainless":[136],"steel":[137],"50":[140,167],"\u03bcm),":[141],"used.":[143],"These":[144],"fabrics":[146],"laminated":[148],"substrates":[151],"using":[152],"photocurable":[154],"resin":[155,158],"material.":[156],"This":[157],"first":[160],"characterized":[161],"over":[162],"range":[165],"MHz":[168],"-":[169],"6":[170],"GHz.":[171],"As":[172],"proof":[174],"concept,":[176],"few":[178],"RF":[179],"designed":[182],"demonstrated":[184],"evaluate":[186],"electrical":[187],"performance,":[188],"including":[189],"microstrip":[190,195,206],"transmission":[191],"lines,":[192],"resonators,":[193],"half-width":[194],"leaky-wave":[196],"folded":[197,203],"antennas,":[198],"monopole":[199],"coplanar":[200],"waveguide":[201],"(CPW)":[202],"patch":[207],"antennas.":[208],"Details":[209],"design,":[212],"fabrication":[213],"measurements":[215],"provided":[217],"paper.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
