{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414693246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3616365","title":"An Automatic Recognition Method of Electrical Wiring Diagrams Based on Optimized YOLO11 and CAD Automatic Recognition Technology","display_name":"An Automatic Recognition Method of Electrical Wiring Diagrams Based on Optimized YOLO11 and CAD Automatic Recognition Technology","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414693246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3616365"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3616365","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3616365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3616365","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100337797","display_name":"Qun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6313-2727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120842","display_name":"Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xqp7x96","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120842"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology, Shenyang, China","Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210120842"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210120842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yizhuo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3480-5444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120842","display_name":"Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xqp7x96","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120842"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yizhuo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology, Shenyang, China","Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3480-5444","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210120842"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210120842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100887908","display_name":"Lijing Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120842","display_name":"Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xqp7x96","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120842"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijing Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology, Shenyang, China","Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8606-9441","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210120842"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210120842"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101942278","display_name":"Yiming Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6579-9808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126065","display_name":"Shanghai Electric (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0314qy595","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiming Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ultra High Voltage Branch, State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Company Ltd., Shenyang, China","State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co., Ltd. Ultra High Voltage Branch, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ultra High Voltage Branch, State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Company Ltd., Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co., Ltd. Ultra High Voltage Branch, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.3193,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56163612,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"176129","last_page":"176140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14276","display_name":"Power Systems and Technologies","score":0.7886999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14276","display_name":"Power Systems and Technologies","score":0.7886999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.7656000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14225","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Control Systems","score":0.7329999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cad","display_name":"CAD","score":0.6043999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5866000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5232999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.5072000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4867999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalable-vector-graphics","display_name":"Scalable Vector Graphics","score":0.46619999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.3831999897956848}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194789388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17855283","display_name":"CAD","level":2,"score":0.6043999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5866000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5232999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.5072000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4867999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202629362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2078","display_name":"Scalable Vector Graphics","level":2,"score":0.46619999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.42089998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.3831999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13355873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","level":2,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102392041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592860","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","level":3,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186399060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959962","display_name":"Diagram","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180863505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5439687","display_name":"Feature recognition","level":3,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163797641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067937","display_name":"Tree structure","level":3,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108882727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991685","display_name":"Solid modeling","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193524817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386780","display_name":"Association rule learning","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3616365","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3616365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e4a7c77e78f64aad8ce9e78e23edbeb5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e4a7c77e78f64aad8ce9e78e23edbeb5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 176129-176140 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3616365","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3616365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W3013529009","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3026695803","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W4214777488","https://openalex.org/W4220950013","https://openalex.org/W4297676427","https://openalex.org/W4320002812","https://openalex.org/W4387011988","https://openalex.org/W4391263053","https://openalex.org/W4399426906","https://openalex.org/W4400876843","https://openalex.org/W4401017575","https://openalex.org/W4404864189"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diagram-model":[0],"consistency":[1],"of":[2,38,140],"electrical":[3],"wiring":[4],"diagrams":[5,22],"remains":[6],"a":[7,95],"core":[8],"challenge":[9],"for":[10,53,80,100,151],"multi-source":[11],"data":[12],"collaboration":[13],"in":[14,41],"smart":[15],"substations,":[16],"with":[17,69,86,144],"structural":[18],"discrepancies":[19],"between":[20],"SVG":[21],"(design":[23],"institutes)":[24],"and":[25,56,94,126],"CIM/E":[26],"models":[27],"(dispatch":[28],"systems)":[29],"causing":[30],"22%":[31],"manual":[32],"comparison":[33],"errors.":[34],"To":[35],"address":[36],"limitations":[37],"existing":[39],"methods":[40],"small-target":[42,81],"detection":[43],"(e.g.,":[44],"0.08%-area":[45],"isolating":[46],"switches),":[47],"imbalanced":[48],"component":[49,142],"distribution":[50],"(<10":[51],"samples":[52],"rare":[54],"components),":[55],"joint":[57],"topology-text":[58],"parsing,":[59],"this":[60],"work":[61],"proposes":[62],"an":[63,75],"intelligent":[64],"framework":[65,135],"integrating":[66],"enhanced":[67],"YOLO11":[68],"CAD":[70],"parsing.":[71],"Key":[72],"contributions":[73],"include:":[74],"adaptive":[76],"sliding":[77],"window":[78],"mechanism":[79],"recognition,":[82,118],"hierarchical":[83],"feature":[84],"fusion":[85],"CBAM":[87],"attention":[88],"to":[89],"distinguish":[90],"geometrically":[91],"similar":[92],"elements,":[93],"DXF":[96],"spatial":[97],"rule":[98],"engine":[99],"connection":[101,124],"extraction.":[102],"Evaluations":[103],"on":[104],"real-world":[105],"grid":[106],"datasets":[107],"achieve":[108],"93.6%":[109],"mAP@50":[110],"(21.1-point":[111],"improvement":[112],"over":[113],"baseline":[114],"YOLO11),":[115],"86%":[116],"rare-component":[117],"100%":[119],"text":[120],"extraction":[121],"accuracy,":[122,125],"99.4%":[123],"5.2s/image":[127],"processing":[128],"(3.04\u00d7":[129],"faster":[130],"than":[131],"conventional":[132],"approaches).":[133],"This":[134],"enables":[136],"comprehensive":[137],"collaborative":[138],"parsing":[139],"28":[141],"categories":[143],"topological":[145],"relationships,":[146],"providing":[147],"effective":[148],"technical":[149],"support":[150],"power":[152],"system":[153],"digitalization.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}