{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414603493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3615638","title":"Analysis and Numerical Simulations of Thermofluid Dynamic Characteristics in Duct Systems Under Radiation-Convection Coupling Effects","display_name":"Analysis and Numerical Simulations of Thermofluid Dynamic Characteristics in Duct Systems Under Radiation-Convection Coupling Effects","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414603493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3615638"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3615638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3615638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3615638","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103190005","display_name":"Hao\u2010Chin Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1932-6337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109289231","display_name":"National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03858r716","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109289231"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118692353","display_name":"University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bj7sh33","country_code":"YE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118692353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW","YE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao-Chin Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","Technology Talent Bachelor’s Program in Intelligent Maritime, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1932-6337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology Talent Bachelor’s Program in Intelligent Maritime, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118692353","https://openalex.org/I4387154394","https://openalex.org/I109289231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046180676","display_name":"Hung-Chih Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5357-2430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hung-Chih Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","Ph.D. Program of Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5357-2430","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D. Program of Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059573973","display_name":"Chang\u2010Hua Lien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5779-8226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43518871","display_name":"National Kaohsiung Marine University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ca6fy54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43518871"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang-Hua Lien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Marine Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5779-8226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marine Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394","https://openalex.org/I43518871"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033357327","display_name":"Cheng-Ruei Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6504-6623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Ruei Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","Ph.D. Program of Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6504-6623","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D. Program of Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040850354","display_name":"Chih-Yung Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1301-809X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Yung Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","Ph.D. Program of Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1301-809X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D. Program of Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051386391","display_name":"Sundarapandian Va\u0131dyanathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4696-908X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330855593","display_name":"Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bc5bx80","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330855593"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sundarapandian Vaidyanathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Centre, Vel Tech University, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4696-908X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Centre, Vel Tech University, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330855593"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31228644,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"171116","last_page":"171131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12081","display_name":"Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12081","display_name":"Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12304","display_name":"Radiative Heat Transfer Studies","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10104","display_name":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","score":0.9513999819755554,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duct","display_name":"Duct (anatomy)","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.5845000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-chimney","display_name":"Solar chimney","score":0.5361999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer","display_name":"Heat transfer","score":0.5188000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence","display_name":"Turbulence","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chimney","display_name":"Chimney (locomotive)","score":0.46560001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-fluid-dynamics","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","score":0.44839999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.439300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.4383000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-energy","display_name":"Solar energy","score":0.39430001378059387}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781212128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256181","display_name":"Duct (anatomy)","level":2,"score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.5845000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.5825999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778842010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2962572","display_name":"Solar chimney","level":3,"score":0.5361999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.5188000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182655101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5099391","display_name":"Chimney (locomotive)","level":3,"score":0.46560001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1633027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815820","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.44839999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.439300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.4383000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.39430001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.39410001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3804999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97346530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005","display_name":"Thermal conductivity","level":2,"score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50406533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104","display_name":"Thermal efficiency","level":3,"score":0.3666999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201289731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172599","display_name":"Inlet","level":2,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500300565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925667","display_name":"Computer simulation","level":2,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107861326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209233","display_name":"Thermal energy","level":2,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206991015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192704","display_name":"Energy conversion efficiency","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778353533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931010","display_name":"Molten salt","level":2,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41619986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041738","display_name":"Thermosiphon","level":3,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777618391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483757","display_name":"Solar power","level":3,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183287310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142963","display_name":"Thermal energy storage","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3615638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3615638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c9b731dc93d740ea89b6719d5b8e88ff","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c9b731dc93d740ea89b6719d5b8e88ff","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 171116-171131 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3615638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3615638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3412025604","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 113-2221-E-992-074","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W313041870","https://openalex.org/W1602607944","https://openalex.org/W1965327265","https://openalex.org/W1970613982","https://openalex.org/W1975985571","https://openalex.org/W1982113759","https://openalex.org/W1986374845","https://openalex.org/W1988800206","https://openalex.org/W1991605581","https://openalex.org/W2008305544","https://openalex.org/W2011518489","https://openalex.org/W2035154615","https://openalex.org/W2058765500","https://openalex.org/W2064377639","https://openalex.org/W2067793023","https://openalex.org/W2088042827","https://openalex.org/W2142585682","https://openalex.org/W2198485953","https://openalex.org/W2327843917","https://openalex.org/W2749180818","https://openalex.org/W2767556048","https://openalex.org/W2891067041","https://openalex.org/W2944727450","https://openalex.org/W3015837781","https://openalex.org/W3034000155","https://openalex.org/W3096610705","https://openalex.org/W3103781394","https://openalex.org/W3129784040","https://openalex.org/W3163579999","https://openalex.org/W3182703221","https://openalex.org/W3196430756","https://openalex.org/W3214848179","https://openalex.org/W4289861067","https://openalex.org/W4293102822","https://openalex.org/W4303629063","https://openalex.org/W4385638844","https://openalex.org/W4386996411","https://openalex.org/W4387010636","https://openalex.org/W4390545029","https://openalex.org/W4392432729","https://openalex.org/W4400390618","https://openalex.org/W4403253010","https://openalex.org/W4403689691","https://openalex.org/W4409468655","https://openalex.org/W4410336145","https://openalex.org/W4410483448","https://openalex.org/W4410635201"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,169],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,172],"novel":[4],"Focused":[5],"Solar":[6,17],"Chimney":[7,18],"Generator":[8],"(FSCG)":[9],"that":[10],"addresses":[11],"the":[12,64,148],"fundamental":[13],"limitations":[14],"of":[15,76,143,150],"conventional":[16,94],"Power":[19],"Plants":[20],"through":[21,59],"compact":[22,103],"design,":[23],"and":[24,39,51,57,96],"enhanced":[25],"thermal":[26,37,74,145,180],"performance.":[27],"The":[28,68,102,153],"FSCG":[29,69],"system":[30],"integrates":[31],"concave":[32],"mirror":[33],"concentration,":[34],"molten":[35],"salt":[36],"storage,":[38],"optimized":[40,154],"heat-dissipating":[41],"fins.":[42],"A":[43],"comprehensive":[44],"theoretical":[45,125],"model":[46],"incorporating":[47],"radiation-convection":[48,151],"coupling":[49],"effects,":[50],"temperature-dependent":[52],"viscosity":[53],"corrections":[54],"was":[55],"developed,":[56],"validated":[58],"three-dimensional":[60],"CFD":[61],"simulations":[62,122],"using":[63],"k-\u03b5":[65],"turbulence":[66],"model.":[67],"demonstrates":[70],"remarkable":[71],"performance":[72],"advantages:":[73],"efficiency":[75,112],"7.5%":[77],"compared":[78],"to":[79,161],"0.1-0.5%":[80],"in":[81,99,182],"traditional":[82,114],"systems,":[83],"rapid":[84],"wind":[85],"generation":[86],"within":[87],"2-5":[88],"minutes":[89],"versus":[90],"1-3":[91],"hours":[92],"for":[93,175,188],"designs,":[95],"85-90%":[97],"reduction":[98],"construction":[100],"costs.":[101],"1-meter":[104],"height":[105],"design":[106],"achieves":[107],"500-4000":[108],"times":[109],"better":[110],"space":[111],"than":[113],"solar":[115,179],"chimney":[116],"systems":[117,181],"requiring":[118],"80-195-meter":[119],"towers.":[120],"Numerical":[121],"agree":[123],"with":[124,127],"predictions,":[126],"maximum":[128],"deviations":[129],"below":[130],"10%.":[131],"At":[132],"500-1000":[133],"\u00b0C":[134],"operating":[135],"temperatures,":[136],"radiative":[137],"heat":[138],"transfer":[139],"contributes":[140],"over":[141],"40%":[142],"total":[144],"flux,":[146],"validating":[147],"importance":[149],"coupling.":[152],"duct":[155],"inlet":[156],"velocity":[157],"ranges":[158],"from":[159],"2.07":[160],"2.37":[162],"m/s,":[163],"demonstrating":[164],"effective":[165],"buoyancy-driven":[166],"flow":[167],"generation.":[168],"research":[170],"provides":[171],"practical":[173],"pathway":[174],"deploying":[176],"high-efficiency,":[177],"cost-effective":[178],"space-constrained":[183],"environments,":[184],"offering":[185],"significant":[186],"potential":[187],"distributed":[189],"renewable":[190],"energy":[191],"applications.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}