{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414499177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3614550","title":"Synthetic Social Engineering Scenario Generation Using LLMs for Awareness-Based Attack Resilience","display_name":"Synthetic Social Engineering Scenario Generation Using LLMs for Awareness-Based Attack Resilience","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414499177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3614550"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3614550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3614550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3614550","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039239542","display_name":"J. R. Webb","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161374704","display_name":"University of Jos","ror":"https://ror.org/009kx9832","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161374704"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51504820","display_name":"San Jose State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qyvz380","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}],"countries":["NG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jade Webb","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Jos&#x00E9; State University, San Jose, CA, USA","San Jos&#x00E9; State University, San Jos&#x00E9;, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4608-4848","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Jos&#x00E9; State University, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Jos&#x00E9; State University, San Jos&#x00E9;, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161374704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083906665","display_name":"Faranak Abri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3028-094X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161374704","display_name":"University of Jos","ror":"https://ror.org/009kx9832","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161374704"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51504820","display_name":"San Jose State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qyvz380","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}],"countries":["NG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faranak Abri","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Jos&#x00E9; State University, San Jose, CA, USA","San Jos&#x00E9; State University, San Jos&#x00E9;, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3028-094X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Jos&#x00E9; State University, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Jos&#x00E9; State University, San Jos&#x00E9;, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161374704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079234412","display_name":"Sayma Akther","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8184-0594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161374704","display_name":"University of Jos","ror":"https://ror.org/009kx9832","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161374704"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51504820","display_name":"San Jose State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qyvz380","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}],"countries":["NG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayma Akther","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Jos&#x00E9; State University, San Jose, CA, USA","San Jos&#x00E9; State University, San Jos&#x00E9;, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Jos&#x00E9; State University, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Jos&#x00E9; State University, San Jos&#x00E9;, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161374704"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.1081,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83090862,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"174831","last_page":"174856"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.8327999711036682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.8327999711036682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.8051000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.7189000248908997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.8561000227928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-engineering","display_name":"Social engineering (security)","score":0.8361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6176000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4625000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.42419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/craft","display_name":"Craft","score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-awareness","display_name":"Security awareness","score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hacker","display_name":"Hacker","score":0.34619998931884766}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.8561000227928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70118762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376934","display_name":"Social engineering (security)","level":2,"score":0.8361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6176000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6136999726295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6093000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.49570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4625000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.42419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779732396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2207288","display_name":"Craft","level":2,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778652015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445019","display_name":"Security awareness","level":3,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.34689998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86844869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798820","display_name":"Hacker","level":2,"score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13159133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q365674","display_name":"Security engineering","level":5,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780741293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4818019","display_name":"Attack patterns","level":3,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987946170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relationship","level":2,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130064352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relation","level":2,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113993141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906759","display_name":"Marketing buzz","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3614550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3614550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fea3dc12f1bb4212bf1599f7346a3d33","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fea3dc12f1bb4212bf1599f7346a3d33","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 174831-174856 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.sjsu.edu:faculty_rsca-7475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/faculty_rsca/6475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196389","display_name":"San Jos\u00e9 State University ScholarWorks (San Jose State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I51504820","host_organization_name":"San Jose State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.sjsu.edu:faculty_rsca-7685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/faculty_rsca/6685","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196389","display_name":"San Jos\u00e9 State University ScholarWorks (San Jose State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I51504820","host_organization_name":"San Jose State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3614550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3614550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3812703113","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2319803","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1566289585","https://openalex.org/W2099813784","https://openalex.org/W2933127114","https://openalex.org/W3013658006","https://openalex.org/W3046747294","https://openalex.org/W3120354059","https://openalex.org/W4229005744","https://openalex.org/W4229566567","https://openalex.org/W4245223986","https://openalex.org/W4301184669","https://openalex.org/W4379619964","https://openalex.org/W4387770589","https://openalex.org/W4392183453","https://openalex.org/W4396877721"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0,64],"engineering":[1,65,106,150],"is":[2,13,66,108,114,119],"found":[3],"in":[4,62,93],"a":[5,14,68,74,80,115,128],"strong":[6,129,157],"majority":[7],"of":[8,25,45,60,76,132,155,164],"cyberattacks":[9],"today,":[10],"as":[11],"it":[12],"powerful":[15],"manipulation":[16],"tactic":[17],"that":[18,118],"does":[19],"not":[20,67],"require":[21],"the":[22,43,153,178],"technical":[23],"skills":[24],"hacking.":[26],"Calculated":[27],"social":[28,105,149],"engineers":[29],"utilize":[30],"simple":[31],"communication":[32],"to":[33,58,78,95,102,146],"deceive":[34],"and":[35,49,168],"exploit":[36],"their":[37,91],"victims,":[38],"all":[39],"by":[40,122],"capitalizing":[41],"on":[42,183],"vulnerabilities":[44],"human":[46],"nature:":[47],"trust":[48],"fear.":[50],"When":[51],"successful,":[52],"this":[53],"inconspicuous":[54],"technique":[55],"can":[56],"lead":[57],"millions":[59],"dollars":[61],"losses.":[63],"one-dimensional":[69],"technique;":[70],"criminals":[71],"often":[72,120],"leverage":[73],"combination":[75],"strategies":[77],"craft":[79],"robust":[81],"yet":[82],"subtle":[83],"attack.":[84],"In":[85],"addition,":[86],"offenders":[87],"are":[88,171],"continually":[89],"evolving":[90],"methods":[92],"efforts":[94],"surpass":[96],"preventive":[97],"measures.":[98],"A":[99],"common":[100],"utility":[101],"defend":[103],"against":[104,134],"attacks":[107],"detection-based":[109],"software.":[110],"Security":[111],"awareness,":[112],"however,":[113],"valuable":[116],"approach":[117],"eclipsed":[121],"automated":[123],"tech":[124],"solutions.":[125],"Awareness":[126],"establishes":[127],"first":[130],"line":[131],"defense":[133],"these":[135],"ever-changing":[136],"attacks.":[137],"This":[138],"study":[139],"utilizes":[140],"four":[141],"data-supplemented":[142],"large":[143],"language":[144],"models":[145],"generate":[147],"custom":[148],"scenarios":[151,181],"with":[152,174],"goal":[154],"supporting":[156],"example-driven":[158],"security":[159],"awareness":[160],"programs.":[161],"The":[162],"performances":[163],"BERT,":[165],"T5,":[166],"GPT-3.5,":[167],"Llama":[169,175],"3.1":[170,176],"comparatively":[172],"analyzed,":[173],"producing":[177],"highest":[179],"quality":[180],"based":[182],"multiple":[184],"metrics,":[185],"including":[186],"LLM-as-a-judge.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
