{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414229157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3610649","title":"A Data-Driven Review of Remote Sensing-Based Data Fusion in Precision Agriculture From Foundational to Transformer-Based Techniques","display_name":"A Data-Driven Review of Remote Sensing-Based Data Fusion in Precision Agriculture From Foundational to Transformer-Based Techniques","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414229157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3610649"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3610649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3610649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3610649","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004071490","display_name":"Mahdi Saki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9729-7394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mahdi Saki","raw_affiliation_strings":["RF and Communication Technologies (RFCT) Research Laboratory, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9729-7394","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RF and Communication Technologies (RFCT) Research Laboratory, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044430455","display_name":"Rasool Keshavarz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-6769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasool Keshavarz","raw_affiliation_strings":["RF and Communication Technologies (RFCT) Research Laboratory, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-6769","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RF and Communication Technologies (RFCT) Research Laboratory, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023854852","display_name":"Daniel Franklin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9563-5943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Franklin","raw_affiliation_strings":["RF and Communication Technologies (RFCT) Research Laboratory, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9563-5943","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RF and Communication Technologies (RFCT) Research Laboratory, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005601606","display_name":"Mehran Abolhasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4282-6666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehran Abolhasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["RF and Communication Technologies (RFCT) Research Laboratory, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4282-6666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RF and Communication Technologies (RFCT) Research Laboratory, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084210670","display_name":"Justin Lipman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2877-1168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin Lipman","raw_affiliation_strings":["RF and Communication Technologies (RFCT) Research Laboratory, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2877-1168","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RF and Communication Technologies (RFCT) Research Laboratory, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020423977","display_name":"Negin Shariati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4913-0351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Negin Shariati","raw_affiliation_strings":["RF and Communication Technologies (RFCT) Research Laboratory, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4913-0351","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RF and Communication Technologies (RFCT) Research Laboratory, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004071490"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":15.8472,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99114535,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"166188","last_page":"166209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.978600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9466000199317932,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.7396000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-agriculture","display_name":"Precision agriculture","score":0.6402000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5268999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-integration","display_name":"Data integration","score":0.4075999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.40130001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.39640000462532043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.7396000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7152000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120217122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740083","display_name":"Precision agriculture","level":3,"score":0.6402000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5268999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4625000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4584999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.45089998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72634772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386824","display_name":"Data integration","level":2,"score":0.4075999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.40130001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.39640000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3873000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82578977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16773055","display_name":"Data aggregator","level":3,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138827492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6661985","display_name":"Data processing","level":2,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3610649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3610649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d89c796c0b0140e9bf15107060e966b6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d89c796c0b0140e9bf15107060e966b6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 166188-166209 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3610649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3610649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322402","display_name":"Nippon Telegraph and Telephone","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":124,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W225220184","https://openalex.org/W1583106483","https://openalex.org/W1591388113","https://openalex.org/W1600079720","https://openalex.org/W1976044762","https://openalex.org/W1977862450","https://openalex.org/W1999124526","https://openalex.org/W2008355673","https://openalex.org/W2011325105","https://openalex.org/W2027461913","https://openalex.org/W2028240797","https://openalex.org/W2051988857","https://openalex.org/W2105090634","https://openalex.org/W2113292457","https://openalex.org/W2117706739","https://openalex.org/W2144051257","https://openalex.org/W2158449659","https://openalex.org/W2247062920","https://openalex.org/W2273191800","https://openalex.org/W2288228418","https://openalex.org/W2416782259","https://openalex.org/W2549994478","https://openalex.org/W2782794599","https://openalex.org/W2792971533","https://openalex.org/W2886493749","https://openalex.org/W2907882680","https://openalex.org/W2918579935","https://openalex.org/W2923136550","https://openalex.org/W2947430130","https://openalex.org/W2963442801","https://openalex.org/W2971480543","https://openalex.org/W2981537605","https://openalex.org/W2982124515","https://openalex.org/W2983376237","https://openalex.org/W2995201943","https://openalex.org/W2996375266","https://openalex.org/W3006025044","https://openalex.org/W3013859664","https://openalex.org/W3024476799","https://openalex.org/W3035883408","https://openalex.org/W3045144182","https://openalex.org/W3045531049","https://openalex.org/W3049269139","https://openalex.org/W3082766779","https://openalex.org/W3088154325","https://openalex.org/W3106881551","https://openalex.org/W3108538688","https://openalex.org/W3123004122","https://openalex.org/W3129167970","https://openalex.org/W3133950115","https://openalex.org/W3171884590","https://openalex.org/W3196876317","https://openalex.org/W3209540366","https://openalex.org/W3213771048","https://openalex.org/W4200174580","https://openalex.org/W4205748027","https://openalex.org/W4206553819","https://openalex.org/W4206706211","https://openalex.org/W4206717753","https://openalex.org/W4210328114","https://openalex.org/W4210794570","https://openalex.org/W4220747026","https://openalex.org/W4224076490","https://openalex.org/W4226021705","https://openalex.org/W4226359564","https://openalex.org/W4229058281","https://openalex.org/W4251080014","https://openalex.org/W4280551527","https://openalex.org/W4280578135","https://openalex.org/W4285232409","https://openalex.org/W4285585589","https://openalex.org/W4289653753","https://openalex.org/W4289656142","https://openalex.org/W4298872162","https://openalex.org/W4300098913","https://openalex.org/W4309791442","https://openalex.org/W4312898719","https://openalex.org/W4313071984","https://openalex.org/W4318814375","https://openalex.org/W4360610062","https://openalex.org/W4362519158","https://openalex.org/W4367043397","https://openalex.org/W4380763457","https://openalex.org/W4382934641","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385325714","https://openalex.org/W4385452916","https://openalex.org/W4385759708","https://openalex.org/W4386322091","https://openalex.org/W4389252414","https://openalex.org/W4389331429","https://openalex.org/W4390543656","https://openalex.org/W4390590849","https://openalex.org/W4390604066","https://openalex.org/W4390748363","https://openalex.org/W4390873266","https://openalex.org/W4391305858","https://openalex.org/W4391991736","https://openalex.org/W4392103129","https://openalex.org/W4392114240","https://openalex.org/W4392719398","https://openalex.org/W4392878105","https://openalex.org/W4392902270","https://openalex.org/W4394699167","https://openalex.org/W4394730853","https://openalex.org/W4394938913","https://openalex.org/W4395451341","https://openalex.org/W4396920636","https://openalex.org/W4399138403","https://openalex.org/W4399314066","https://openalex.org/W4399728346","https://openalex.org/W4400876943","https://openalex.org/W4401107282","https://openalex.org/W4401328170","https://openalex.org/W4401633933","https://openalex.org/W4402114844","https://openalex.org/W4402264273","https://openalex.org/W4403846361","https://openalex.org/W4404257925","https://openalex.org/W4405993102","https://openalex.org/W4406022447","https://openalex.org/W4406071192","https://openalex.org/W4407363783","https://openalex.org/W4408138536"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,71],"review":[1,180],"explores":[2],"recent":[3],"advancements":[4],"in":[5,14,33,53,94,152],"data":[6,34,69,109,115,140,150,161,190],"fusion":[7,79,110,117,151,166,191],"techniques":[8],"and":[9,38,46,64,88,101,119,137,165,174],"Transformer-based":[10,78],"remote":[11,36,120,154],"sensing":[12,121],"applications":[13,93],"precision":[15,186],"agriculture.":[16],"Using":[17],"a":[18,145,176],"systematic,":[19],"data-driven":[20],"approach,":[21],"we":[22,143],"analyse":[23],"research":[24,172],"trends":[25],"from":[26],"1994":[27],"to":[28,84],"2024,":[29],"identifying":[30],"key":[31,171],"developments":[32],"fusion,":[35],"sensing,":[37,155],"AI-driven":[39,189],"agricultural":[40,54,153],"monitoring.":[41],"While":[42],"traditional":[43],"machine":[44],"learning":[45,48],"deep":[47],"approaches":[49,111],"have":[50],"demonstrated":[51],"effectiveness":[52],"decision-making,":[55],"challenges":[56],"such":[57],"as":[58],"limited":[59],"scalability,":[60],"suboptimal":[61],"feature":[62,135],"extraction,":[63],"reliance":[65],"on":[66],"extensive":[67],"labelled":[68],"persist.":[70],"study":[72],"examines":[73],"the":[74],"comparative":[75,105],"advantages":[76],"of":[77,107],"methods,":[80],"particularly":[81],"their":[82],"ability":[83],"model":[85,167],"spatiotemporal":[86],"dependencies":[87],"integrate":[89],"heterogeneous":[90],"datasets":[91],"for":[92,148,159,184],"soil":[95],"analysis,":[96],"crop":[97],"classification,":[98],"yield":[99],"prediction,":[100],"disease":[102],"detection.":[103],"A":[104],"analysis":[106],"multimodal":[108],"is":[112],"conducted,":[113],"evaluating":[114],"types,":[116],"techniques,":[118],"platforms.":[122],"We":[123],"demonstrate":[124],"how":[125],"Transformers":[126],"outperform":[127],"conventional":[128],"models":[129],"by":[130],"enhancing":[131],"prediction":[132],"accuracy,":[133],"mitigating":[134],"redundancy,":[136],"optimizing":[138],"large-scale":[139],"integration.":[141],"Furthermore,":[142],"propose":[144],"structured":[146],"roadmap":[147],"implementing":[149],"outlining":[156],"best":[157],"practices":[158],"ground-truth":[160],"selection,":[162],"platform":[163],"integration,":[164],"design.":[168],"By":[169],"addressing":[170],"gaps":[173],"providing":[175],"strategic":[177],"framework,":[178],"this":[179],"offers":[181],"valuable":[182],"insights":[183],"advancing":[185],"agriculture":[187],"through":[188],"techniques.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602","created_date":"2025-09-17T00:00:00"}