{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414165728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3607989","title":"Classification of Psoriasis Using Vision Transformer: A Deep Learning-Based Approach","display_name":"Classification of Psoriasis Using Vision Transformer: A Deep Learning-Based Approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414165728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3607989"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3607989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3607989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3607989","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119608859","display_name":"Mashal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mashal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan","Department of Computer Science, Bahria University Islamabad, E8 Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3520-4316","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Bahria University Islamabad, E8 Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3598-0021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan","Department of Computer Science, Bahria University Islamabad, E8 Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3598-0021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Bahria University Islamabad, E8 Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109420256","display_name":"Moazam Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4067-067X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moazam Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan","Department of Computer Science, Bahria University Islamabad, E8 Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4067-067X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Bahria University Islamabad, E8 Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004567014","display_name":"Erum Ashraf","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erum Ashraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan","Department of Computer Science, Bahria University Islamabad, E8 Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Bahria University Islamabad, E8 Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102999217","display_name":"Fares Alharbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0422-4592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206935292","display_name":"Shaqra University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hawb687","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206935292"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fares Alharbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computing and IT, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computing and IT, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206935292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047116046","display_name":"Ibrahim Tariq Javed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7030-5200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170606269","display_name":"University of the Fraser Valley","ror":"https://ror.org/04h6w7946","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170606269"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Tariq Javed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC, Canada","School of Computing, University of Fraser Valley Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170606269"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Fraser Valley Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170606269"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068478871","display_name":"Entisar Alkayal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6617-1051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Entisar Alkayal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6617-1051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119608859"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24764536,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"163885","last_page":"163895"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10469","display_name":"Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10469","display_name":"Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psoriasis","display_name":"Psoriasis","score":0.7836999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6057000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4555000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.450300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-lesion","display_name":"Skin lesion","score":0.4187000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.38690000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dermatological-diseases","display_name":"Dermatological diseases","score":0.3831999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.367900013923645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780564577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179945","display_name":"Psoriasis","level":2,"score":0.7836999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6531000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.651199996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6057000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4555000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.450300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.43959999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988168687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949302","display_name":"Skin lesion","level":2,"score":0.4187000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.38690000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909963953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatological diseases","level":2,"score":0.3831999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.37119999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.33559998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3215000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781156865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827023","display_name":"Lesion","level":2,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3607989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3607989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:71a09f380fc54e859abf7b4cf4f35567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/71a09f380fc54e859abf7b4cf4f35567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 163885-163895 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3607989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3607989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Psoriasis":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,140,144],"chronic":[3],"autoimmune":[4],"skin":[5,34,193],"condition":[6,40],"causing":[7],"complex":[8],"symptoms,":[9],"often":[10],"complicating":[11],"accurate":[12],"diagnosis.":[13],"While":[14],"convolutional":[15],"neural":[16],"networks":[17],"(CNN)":[18],"have":[19,51],"potential":[20,170],"in":[21,33,44,92,114,191],"dermatological":[22,217],"image":[23,94,218],"classification,":[24],"they":[25],"struggle":[26],"to":[27,29,81,131,186],"adapt":[28],"the":[30,42,54,69,83,115,169,213],"subtle":[31],"variations":[32],"tones,":[35,194],"lesion":[36,189],"textures":[37,195],"and":[38,78,89,108,121,143,155,166,176,196,222],"lighting":[39,197],"compromising":[41],"accuracy":[43,165],"psoriasis":[45,59,175],"classification.":[46,95],"In":[47],"addition,":[48],"traditional":[49,159],"methods":[50],"difficulty":[52],"modelling":[53],"various":[55],"factors":[56],"associated":[57],"with":[58,151],"symptoms.":[60],"This":[61],"research":[62],"provides":[63],"an":[64],"enhanced":[65],"method":[66],"based":[67],"on":[68],"Vision":[70],"Transformer":[71],"(ViT)":[72],"architecture,":[73],"which":[74],"includes":[75],"data":[76,87],"augmentation":[77],"transfer":[79],"learning,":[80],"overcome":[82],"difficulties":[84],"of":[85,128,148,171,174,216],"limited":[86],"access":[88],"class":[90],"imbalance":[91],"medical":[93],"The":[96,111,134,162],"dataset":[97],"used":[98],"comprises":[99],"1307":[100],"images":[101],"categorized":[102],"into":[103],"two":[104],"classes":[105],"representing":[106],"psoriatic":[107,132],"non-psoriatic":[109],"images.":[110],"self-attention":[112],"mechanism":[113],"ViT":[116,209],"effectively":[117,187],"captures":[118],"both":[119],"local":[120],"global":[122],"picture":[123],"information,":[124],"enabling":[125],"precise":[126],"identification":[127],"patterns":[129],"unique":[130],"lesions.":[133],"proposed":[135],"model":[136],"achieved":[137],"97.53%":[138],"accuracy,":[139],"0.98":[141],"F1-score,":[142],"strong":[145],"Pearson":[146],"correlation":[147],"0.962":[149],"(p<0.001),":[150],"high":[152],"sensitivity":[153],"(98.37%)":[154],"specificity":[156],"(97.84%),":[157],"outperforming":[158],"CNN-based":[160,203],"methods.":[161],"model\u2019s":[163],"improved":[164,223],"reliability":[167],"has":[168],"early":[172],"diagnosis":[173],"assisting":[177],"dermatologists":[178],"for":[179,220],"making":[180],"informed":[181],"decisions.":[182],"Furthermore,":[183],"ViT\u2019s":[184],"ability":[185],"capture":[188],"variation":[190],"different":[192],"conditions,":[198],"highlighting":[199],"its":[200],"advantage":[201],"over":[202],"approaches.":[204],"These":[205],"findings":[206],"indicate":[207],"that":[208],"can":[210],"efficiently":[211],"manage":[212],"complicated":[214],"nature":[215],"analysis":[219],"timely":[221],"personalized":[224],"treatment":[225],"plans.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}