{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414079698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3607165","title":"A Systems-Theoretic Approach to Mental State Estimation for Theory-of-Mind-Aware Social Robots","display_name":"A Systems-Theoretic Approach to Mental State Estimation for Theory-of-Mind-Aware Social Robots","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414079698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3607165"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3607165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3607165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3607165","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102878372","display_name":"Maria L. Mor\u00e3o Patr\u00edcio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8650-8707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria L. Mor\u00e3o Patr\u00edcio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Operations, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8650-8707","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Operations, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086713084","display_name":"Anahita Jamshidnejad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9151-2607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anahita Jamshidnejad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Operations, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9151-2607","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Operations, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21761851,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"158467","last_page":"158482"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":0.9246000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":0.9246000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.7361000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6644999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-state","display_name":"Mental state","score":0.5590999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.5299000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.4875999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4593000113964081}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.7361000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6644999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6628999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779429828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3968640","display_name":"Mental state","level":2,"score":0.5590999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5299000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49889999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.4875999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4593000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3806999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162947575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005645","display_name":"Social robot","level":5,"score":0.37130001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779060110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4812457","display_name":"At risk mental state","level":3,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6438553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Affective computing","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3607165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3607165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c3bd9e7ed47a493294d83b46d5e90753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c3bd9e7ed47a493294d83b46d5e90753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 158467-158482 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3607165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3607165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984468587","https://openalex.org/W1987250353","https://openalex.org/W2016211524","https://openalex.org/W2036580231","https://openalex.org/W2059814252","https://openalex.org/W2093516101","https://openalex.org/W2108626787","https://openalex.org/W2132902886","https://openalex.org/W2152676624","https://openalex.org/W2156064084","https://openalex.org/W2560862806","https://openalex.org/W2735138468","https://openalex.org/W2790374560","https://openalex.org/W2801089914","https://openalex.org/W2888378763","https://openalex.org/W2911767333","https://openalex.org/W2928082462","https://openalex.org/W2988906799","https://openalex.org/W2998711150","https://openalex.org/W3035379893","https://openalex.org/W3036783954","https://openalex.org/W3089272957","https://openalex.org/W3111376198","https://openalex.org/W3111404747","https://openalex.org/W3131286227","https://openalex.org/W4205841564","https://openalex.org/W4220682571","https://openalex.org/W4237143575","https://openalex.org/W4293499239","https://openalex.org/W4294763211","https://openalex.org/W4311108310","https://openalex.org/W4320406268","https://openalex.org/W4323925881","https://openalex.org/W4386825122","https://openalex.org/W4403031578","https://openalex.org/W4404914429"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2306095112","https://openalex.org/W4309606887","https://openalex.org/W2368550132","https://openalex.org/W2576994247","https://openalex.org/W3174121650","https://openalex.org/W2076351294","https://openalex.org/W2608353378","https://openalex.org/W4249206767","https://openalex.org/W4230297645","https://openalex.org/W3026381783"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0],"robots":[1,21,159],"are":[2,83],"increasingly":[3],"deployed":[4],"in":[5,116],"fields":[6],"such":[7,149],"as":[8],"health":[9],"care":[10],"and":[11,69,89,118],"education":[12],"to":[13,42,131,137,160],"support":[14],"users":[15],"through":[16],"social":[17,87,158],"interactions.":[18],"Nonetheless,":[19],"these":[20],"mostly":[22],"rely":[23],"on":[24],"black-box":[25],"machine":[26],"learning":[27],"methods":[28],"that":[29],"lack":[30],"awareness":[31,163],"of":[32,36,56,60,75,120,135,147,157,164,168],"the":[33,65,108,113,145,153,165],"mental":[34,58,77,80,109,121,166],"states":[35,59,122,167],"their":[37,91,162],"users,":[38],"which":[39],"often":[40],"leads":[41],"unnatural":[43],"behavior.":[44],"To":[45],"address":[46],"this,":[47],"we":[48],"propose":[49],"three":[50],"model-based":[51],"techniques":[52],"for":[53,85,139],"real-time":[54],"estimation":[55,117],"invisible":[57],"humans.":[61],"Each":[62],"method":[63],"adapts":[64],"extended":[66],"Kalman":[67],"filter":[68],"incorporates":[70],"a":[71,105],"validated":[72],"dynamic":[73],"model":[74],"human":[76,101],"states.":[78],"These":[79,142],"state":[81,110,150],"estimators":[82,111,151],"designed":[84],"human-robot":[86],"interactions":[88],"personalize":[90],"parameters":[92],"using":[93],"initial":[94],"user":[95],"data.":[96],"When":[97],"tested":[98],"with":[99,104,133],"10":[100],"participants":[102,125],"interacting":[103],"NAO":[106],"robot,":[107],"reduced":[112],"average":[114],"error":[115],"prediction":[119],"across":[123],"all":[124],"by":[126],"3%":[127],"(i.e.,":[128],"from":[129],"12%":[130],"9%),":[132],"improvements":[134],"up":[136],"13%":[138],"individual":[140],"participants.":[141],"results":[143],"demonstrate":[144],"potential":[146],"integrating":[148],"into":[152],"behavioral":[154],"control":[155],"systems":[156],"enhance":[161],"users.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}