{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413966985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3605872","title":"Adaptive Fusion of LiDAR and Camera Data for Enhanced Precision in 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving","display_name":"Adaptive Fusion of LiDAR and Camera Data for Enhanced Precision in 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413966985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3605872"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3605872","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3605872","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3605872","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ha Thi Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5826-4529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206597221","display_name":"Kongju National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0373nm262","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206597221"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ha Thi Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Smart Information and Technology Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, South Korea","Department of Smart Information and Technology Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5826-4529","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Smart Information and Technology Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206597221"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Smart Information and Technology Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206597221"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090576799","display_name":"Ic\u2010Pyo Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1875-5420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206597221","display_name":"Kongju National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0373nm262","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206597221"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ic-Pyo Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Smart Information and Technology Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, South Korea","Department of Smart Information and Technology Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1875-5420","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Smart Information and Technology Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206597221"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Smart Information and Technology Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206597221"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206597221"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9327,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75342203,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"155474","last_page":"155481"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9513000249862671,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9513000249862671,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9363999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9211999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7472205758094788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7401868104934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.6814783811569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6593284606933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6348581910133362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6294585466384888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.5651096105575562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5108749270439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.41430631279945374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11363112926483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.08578553795814514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7472205758094788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7401868104934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.6814783811569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6593284606933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6348581910133362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6294585466384888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.5651096105575562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5108749270439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.41430631279945374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11363112926483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.08578553795814514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3605872","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3605872","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:23ead377859f4fb2b7269d6e6339d0fb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/23ead377859f4fb2b7269d6e6339d0fb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 155474-155481 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3605872","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3605872","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4211752869","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2019-NR040074","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6920073531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-NF000835","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322111","funder_display_name":"Korea Basic Science Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7626546417","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1I1A3057142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7705236940","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-NF000835","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322348","funder_display_name":"Korea Science and Engineering Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8487321341","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2019-NR040074","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314748","funder_display_name":"Franchise Education and Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314748","display_name":"Franchise Education and Research Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322111","display_name":"Korea Basic Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0417sdw47"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322348","display_name":"Korea Science and Engineering Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2555618208","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2783963507","https://openalex.org/W2897529137","https://openalex.org/W2962807143","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963727135","https://openalex.org/W2964062501","https://openalex.org/W2967324759","https://openalex.org/W2981857055","https://openalex.org/W3035254347","https://openalex.org/W3035461736","https://openalex.org/W3047375952","https://openalex.org/W3118341329","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3173668541","https://openalex.org/W4312707458","https://openalex.org/W4394580929","https://openalex.org/W4400282488"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W4406302447","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W2132659060","https://openalex.org/W2031992971","https://openalex.org/W3214791684","https://openalex.org/W4292830139","https://openalex.org/W4319309705","https://openalex.org/W2152662039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Achieving":[0],"high":[1],"precision":[2,101],"in":[3,35,58,119],"3D":[4,105],"object":[5,106,145],"detection":[6,135],"is":[7],"crucial":[8],"for":[9],"advancing":[10],"autonomous":[11],"systems.":[12],"While":[13],"LiDAR":[14,74],"provides":[15],"excellent":[16],"spatial":[17],"accuracy,":[18],"it":[19],"lacks":[20],"detailed":[21],"semantic":[22],"information,":[23],"whereas":[24],"image-based":[25],"methods":[26,41],"offer":[27],"extensive":[28],"visual":[29],"details":[30],"but":[31],"frequently":[32],"fall":[33],"short":[34],"depth":[36],"estimation.":[37],"Existing":[38],"multi-modal":[39],"fusion":[40,45,81],"typically":[42],"employ":[43],"static":[44],"strategies":[46],"that":[47],"do":[48],"not":[49],"adjust":[50],"to":[51,95,139],"dynamic":[52],"environmental":[53],"conditions,":[54],"limiting":[55],"their":[56],"application":[57],"diverse":[59],"real-world":[60],"scenarios.":[61],"This":[62],"paper":[63],"introduces":[64],"the":[65,100,110],"Adaptive":[66],"Multi-Modal":[67],"Fusion":[68],"(AMMF)":[69],"framework,":[70],"which":[71],"innovatively":[72],"combines":[73],"and":[75,92,102,122,131,143],"camera":[76],"data":[77],"through":[78,152],"an":[79],"adaptive":[80,153],"process.":[82],"The":[83],"AMMF":[84,148],"framework":[85,114],"utilizes":[86],"modality-specific":[87],"gating":[88],"mechanisms,":[89],"multi-head":[90],"attention,":[91],"uncertainty":[93],"modeling":[94],"dynamically":[96],"integrate":[97],"features,":[98],"enhancing":[99],"reliability":[103],"of":[104],"detection.":[107],"Evaluated":[108],"on":[109],"KITTI":[111],"dataset,":[112],"our":[113],"consistently":[115],"achieves":[116],"superior":[117],"performance":[118,151],"detecting":[120],"Cars":[121],"Cyclists,":[123],"especially":[124],"under":[125],"challenging":[126,137],"conditions":[127],"such":[128],"as":[129],"occlusions":[130],"varied":[132],"lighting.":[133],"Pedestrian":[134],"remains":[136],"due":[138],"sparser":[140],"point":[141],"clouds":[142],"reduced":[144],"scale,":[146],"yet":[147],"maintains":[149],"competitive":[150],"feature":[154],"weighting.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}