{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413886972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3604563","title":"Enhancing Student Retention in Introductory Programming Courses: Leveraging Advanced Learning Validation Tools and Educational Data Mining","display_name":"Enhancing Student Retention in Introductory Programming Courses: Leveraging Advanced Learning Validation Tools and Educational Data Mining","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413886972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3604563"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3604563","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3604563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3604563","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016910220","display_name":"Alan Mutka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1834-5528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799440398","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology Croatia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jgxzm03","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799440398"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132913","display_name":"Uljanik (Croatia)","ror":"https://ror.org/0491s4v58","country_code":"HR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132913"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alan Mutka","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIT Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia","RIT Croatia, Ul. Damira Tomljanovi&#x0107;a 15, Zagreb, Crotia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1834-5528","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIT Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799440398"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIT Croatia, Ul. Damira Tomljanovi&#x0107;a 15, Zagreb, Crotia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132913"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119500828","display_name":"Fatima \u017divkovi\u0107 Mutka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799440398","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology Croatia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jgxzm03","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799440398"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132913","display_name":"Uljanik (Croatia)","ror":"https://ror.org/0491s4v58","country_code":"HR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132913"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatima \u017divkovi\u0107 Mutka","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIT Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia","RIT Croatia, Ul. Damira Tomljanovi&#x0107;a 15, Zagreb, Crotia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIT Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799440398"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIT Croatia, Ul. Damira Tomljanovi&#x0107;a 15, Zagreb, Crotia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132913"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090793241","display_name":"Martin \u017dagar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0627-2678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799440398","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology Croatia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jgxzm03","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799440398"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132913","display_name":"Uljanik (Croatia)","ror":"https://ror.org/0491s4v58","country_code":"HR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132913"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin \u017dagar","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIT Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia","RIT Croatia, Ul. Damira Tomljanovi&#x0107;a 15, Zagreb, Crotia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0627-2678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIT Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799440398"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIT Croatia, Ul. Damira Tomljanovi&#x0107;a 15, Zagreb, Crotia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132913"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013432227","display_name":"Domagoj Toli\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0988-889X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799440398","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology Croatia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jgxzm03","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799440398"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132913","display_name":"Uljanik (Croatia)","ror":"https://ror.org/0491s4v58","country_code":"HR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132913"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Domagoj Toli\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIT Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia","RIT Croatia, Ul. Damira Tomljanovi&#x0107;a 15, Zagreb, Crotia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0988-889X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIT Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799440398"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIT Croatia, Ul. Damira Tomljanovi&#x0107;a 15, Zagreb, Crotia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132913"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016910220"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799440398","https://openalex.org/I4210132913"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.4278,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8781202,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"153614","last_page":"153626"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9675999879837036,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.946399986743927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.797042965888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-data-mining","display_name":"Educational data mining","score":0.6628256440162659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-analytics","display_name":"Learning analytics","score":0.4495497941970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4396742880344391}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.797042965888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777598771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5341279","display_name":"Educational data mining","level":2,"score":0.6628256440162659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845208","display_name":"Learning analytics","level":2,"score":0.4495497941970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4396742880344391}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3604563","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3604563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bfdfc119b4a94efe896ca0f74d2f7391","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bfdfc119b4a94efe896ca0f74d2f7391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 153614-153626 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3604563","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3604563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316118","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091174839","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2783794012","https://openalex.org/W2800788706","https://openalex.org/W2802314367","https://openalex.org/W2887592591","https://openalex.org/W2900706197","https://openalex.org/W2915981391","https://openalex.org/W2940692950","https://openalex.org/W2963613787","https://openalex.org/W3000065748","https://openalex.org/W3010927632","https://openalex.org/W3028280248","https://openalex.org/W3201153983","https://openalex.org/W4205187729","https://openalex.org/W4296271381","https://openalex.org/W4361009940","https://openalex.org/W4367313329","https://openalex.org/W4372311128","https://openalex.org/W4388081686","https://openalex.org/W4388483340","https://openalex.org/W4389619839","https://openalex.org/W4391187838","https://openalex.org/W4391352112","https://openalex.org/W4392808021","https://openalex.org/W4396624435"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3061763893","https://openalex.org/W2529601000","https://openalex.org/W3157139468","https://openalex.org/W2819101378","https://openalex.org/W3021163624","https://openalex.org/W123076107","https://openalex.org/W2481267635","https://openalex.org/W1898103075","https://openalex.org/W3114046518","https://openalex.org/W2040305222"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Student":[0],"retention":[1,242],"in":[2,10,52,205],"introductory":[3],"programming":[4,69],"courses":[5,131],"remains":[6],"a":[7,27,41,214,218],"persistent":[8],"challenge":[9],"higher":[11],"education,":[12],"with":[13,54,161,171],"high":[14],"failure":[15],"and":[16,22,40,85,120,129,156,192,224,235,243],"dropout":[17],"rates":[18],"impacting":[19],"both":[20],"learners":[21],"institutions.":[23],"This":[24,123,184,227],"article":[25],"presents":[26],"novel,":[28],"behavior-based":[29,228],"approach":[30,94,230],"to":[31,175],"addressing":[32],"this":[33],"issue":[34],"through":[35],"Educational":[36],"Data":[37],"Mining":[38],"(EDM)":[39],"custom-built":[42],"learning":[43,89,121,168,190,244],"validation":[44],"framework":[45],"called":[46],"AssessMe.":[47],"Developed":[48],"by":[49,209],"the":[50,65,110,133,149,172,186,210],"authors":[51],"collaboration":[53],"SmoothSoft":[55],"Ltd.,":[56],"AssessMe":[57,108,162,222],"is":[58],"an":[59],"advanced":[60],"software":[61],"tool":[62],"that":[63,101],"monitors":[64],"real-time":[66],"development":[67],"of":[68,188,196,213],"assignments.":[70],"It":[71],"captures":[72],"detailed":[73],"behavioral":[74],"data\u2014including":[75],"active":[76],"coding":[77,111,182],"time,":[78],"code":[79,106],"changes":[80],"(added,":[81],"modified,":[82],"removed":[83],"lines),":[84],"submission":[86],"timelines\u2014to":[87],"generate":[88],"indicators":[90,223],"reflecting":[91],"how":[92],"students":[93],"problem-solving":[95],"tasks.":[96],"Unlike":[97],"traditional":[98,166],"assessment":[99,229],"methods":[100],"focus":[102],"solely":[103],"on":[104,126],"final":[105,225],"correctness,":[107],"emphasizes":[109],"process,":[112],"offering":[113],"deeper":[114],"insights":[115,238],"into":[116],"student":[117,146,241],"engagement,":[118],"effort,":[119],"strategies.":[122],"study":[124],"focuses":[125],"Programming":[127],"I":[128],"II":[130],"within":[132],"Web":[134],"&":[135],"Mobile":[136],"Computing":[137],"program":[138],"at":[139],"RIT":[140],"Croatia.":[141],"The":[142],"dataset":[143],"includes":[144],"3,537":[145],"submissions":[147],"from":[148,180],"2024/2025":[150],"academic":[151,197],"year,":[152],"covering":[153],"homework,":[154],"practicals,":[155],"in-class":[157],"activities,":[158],"all":[159],"enriched":[160],"indicators.":[163],"We":[164],"apply":[165],"machine":[167],"models":[169,200],"combined":[170],"TSFRESH":[173],"library":[174],"extract":[176],"meaningful":[177],"time-series":[178],"features":[179],"students\u2019":[181],"activity.":[183],"enables":[185],"identification":[187],"temporal":[189],"patterns":[191],"supports":[193],"early":[194,232],"prediction":[195],"outcomes.":[198,245],"Our":[199],"achieve":[201],"over":[202],"93%":[203],"accuracy":[204],"forecasting":[206],"pass/fail":[207],"status":[208],"fifth":[211],"week":[212],"15-week":[215],"semester,":[216],"demonstrating":[217],"strong":[219],"correlation":[220],"between":[221],"grades.":[226],"enhances":[231],"intervention":[233],"strategies":[234],"provides":[236],"actionable":[237],"for":[239],"improving":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
