{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413371276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3601007","title":"Precise Analysis of Secrecy Outage Probability and Eavesdropping Strategies in Secure, Energy-Efficient Wireless Networks for Copyright Protection of Digital Contents","display_name":"Precise Analysis of Secrecy Outage Probability and Eavesdropping Strategies in Secure, Energy-Efficient Wireless Networks for Copyright Protection of Digital Contents","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413371276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3601007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3601007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3601007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3601007","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067659457","display_name":"B\u00f9i V\u0169 Minh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0222-166X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020192730","display_name":"Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110H Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh","ror":"https://ror.org/04r9s1v23","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3020192730"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bui Vu Minh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020192730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017682547","display_name":"Hye-Young Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-7510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94588446","display_name":"Hongik University","ror":"https://ror.org/00egdv862","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hye-Young Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Games/Game Software, Hongik University, Sejong-si, South Korea","School of Games/Game Software, Hongik University, 2639 Sejong-ro, Sejong-si, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Games/Game Software, Hongik University, Sejong-si, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Games/Game Software, Hongik University, 2639 Sejong-ro, Sejong-si, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100701432","display_name":"Tan N. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-6652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141445968","display_name":"Ton Duc Thang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01drq0835","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tan N. Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Intelligent Technology Research Group, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Advanced Intelligent Technology Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Intelligent Technology Research Group, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Advanced Intelligent Technology Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091627176","display_name":"Phuong T. Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1448-8882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141445968","display_name":"Ton Duc Thang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01drq0835","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phuong T. Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communications Research Group, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Wireless Communications Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communications Research Group, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Wireless Communications Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032941002","display_name":"Sang Quang Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1798-2296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095603","display_name":"Vietnam Posts and Telecommunications Group (Vietnam)","ror":"https://ror.org/00q0e7f94","country_code":"VN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095603"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quang-Sang Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095603"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006531094","display_name":"Byung-Seo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9824-1950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94588446","display_name":"Hongik University","ror":"https://ror.org/00egdv862","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byung-Seo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Games/Game Software, Hongik University, Sejong-si, South Korea","School of Games/Game Software, Hongik University, 2639 Sejong-ro, Sejong-si, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Games/Game Software, Hongik University, Sejong-si, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Games/Game Software, Hongik University, 2639 Sejong-ro, Sejong-si, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072201492","display_name":"Miroslav Voz\u0148\u00e1k","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5135-7980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142208455","display_name":"VSB - Technical University of Ostrava","ror":"https://ror.org/05x8mcb75","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miroslav Voznak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB&#x2014;Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia","Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava, Czechia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB&#x2014;Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava, Czechia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067659457"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020192730"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.2508,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93198936,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"148495","last_page":"148509"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13999","display_name":"Digital Rights Management and Security","score":0.8770999908447266,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13999","display_name":"Digital Rights Management and Security","score":0.8770999908447266,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.8065000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.7788000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.9648346900939941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.7649698257446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7560065984725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6766952276229858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5984868407249451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.553987443447113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.442939817905426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3175976276397705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.9648346900939941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.7649698257446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7560065984725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6766952276229858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5984868407249451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.553987443447113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.442939817905426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3175976276397705}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3601007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3601007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b3740b54e0fe4db1ba27e0ed0aeec200","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b3740b54e0fe4db1ba27e0ed0aeec200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 148495-148509 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3601007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3601007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W955521481","https://openalex.org/W1972485395","https://openalex.org/W2011670293","https://openalex.org/W2022143342","https://openalex.org/W2032278718","https://openalex.org/W2042738017","https://openalex.org/W2056484899","https://openalex.org/W2067921795","https://openalex.org/W2088654965","https://openalex.org/W2105103777","https://openalex.org/W2153097555","https://openalex.org/W2327330393","https://openalex.org/W2337043133","https://openalex.org/W2481663513","https://openalex.org/W2619323674","https://openalex.org/W2759916602","https://openalex.org/W2800570097","https://openalex.org/W2801563137","https://openalex.org/W2806795657","https://openalex.org/W2808014811","https://openalex.org/W2809684781","https://openalex.org/W2897933906","https://openalex.org/W2916607718","https://openalex.org/W2930887613","https://openalex.org/W2942095978","https://openalex.org/W2946215477","https://openalex.org/W2951339824","https://openalex.org/W2961596567","https://openalex.org/W2969519626","https://openalex.org/W3007241565","https://openalex.org/W3045212150","https://openalex.org/W3093949122","https://openalex.org/W3104668545","https://openalex.org/W3126347950","https://openalex.org/W3143097496","https://openalex.org/W3196164652","https://openalex.org/W3203242018","https://openalex.org/W3206285045","https://openalex.org/W3217470884","https://openalex.org/W4200153328","https://openalex.org/W4206557422","https://openalex.org/W4210839686","https://openalex.org/W4214926427","https://openalex.org/W4220823313","https://openalex.org/W4225725396","https://openalex.org/W4285151494","https://openalex.org/W4285266850","https://openalex.org/W4317418985","https://openalex.org/W4322576853","https://openalex.org/W4322624037","https://openalex.org/W4376612139","https://openalex.org/W4382371025","https://openalex.org/W4387883697","https://openalex.org/W4389076418","https://openalex.org/W4390457208","https://openalex.org/W4391932050","https://openalex.org/W4392406310","https://openalex.org/W4392449442","https://openalex.org/W4393170678","https://openalex.org/W4393947503","https://openalex.org/W4397032919","https://openalex.org/W4398236330","https://openalex.org/W4401878250","https://openalex.org/W4402834094","https://openalex.org/W4405881155","https://openalex.org/W4408295042","https://openalex.org/W4408595569","https://openalex.org/W4409274517"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368710903","https://openalex.org/W4386360526","https://openalex.org/W2772112465","https://openalex.org/W4387918499","https://openalex.org/W2158905603","https://openalex.org/W2766105476","https://openalex.org/W2735171729","https://openalex.org/W2786267942","https://openalex.org/W2769254131","https://openalex.org/W2091556092"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nowadays,":[0],"the":[1,14,17,42,78,126,141,144,153,160,176,191],"emergence":[2],"of":[3,20,80,128,143,193],"digital":[4],"applications":[5],"such":[6],"as":[7],"online":[8],"gaming,":[9],"extended":[10],"reality":[11],"(XR),":[12],"and":[13,30,48,64,72,85,134,158,182,198],"Metaverse,":[15],"causes":[16],"increasing":[18],"demand":[19],"copyright":[21,25],"data":[22,26,49,105],"protection.":[23],"The":[24,118,167],"may":[27],"be":[28],"encrypted":[29],"transferred":[31],"over":[32],"communication":[33,40,58,74],"media":[34],"like":[35],"wireless":[36,39,209],"channels.":[37],"In":[38,55,184],"networks,":[41],"need":[43],"for":[44,152],"robust":[45],"content":[46,205],"security":[47,196,206],"protection":[50],"is":[51],"becoming":[52],"increasingly":[53],"critical.":[54],"addition,":[56],"this":[57],"also":[59],"requires":[60],"ultrareliable,":[61],"low":[62],"latency,":[63],"high-bandwidth":[65],"connectivity.":[66],"This":[67],"paper":[68],"proposes":[69],"a":[70,95,107,171],"secure":[71],"energy-efficient":[73],"framework":[75,120],"that":[76],"leverages":[77],"synergies":[79],"Physical":[81],"Layer":[82],"Security":[83],"(PLS)":[84],"Energy":[86],"Harvesting":[87],"(EH)":[88],"techniques":[89],"to":[90,106,139,189,202],"address":[91],"these":[92],"demands.":[93],"Specifically,":[94],"source":[96],"node,":[97,110],"energized":[98],"by":[99,115],"harvested":[100],"energy,":[101],"securely":[102],"transmits":[103],"confidential":[104],"multi-antenna":[108],"destination":[109],"while":[111],"mitigating":[112],"potential":[113],"interception":[114],"an":[116],"eavesdropper.":[117],"proposed":[119],"incorporates":[121],"advanced":[122],"PLS":[123],"strategies,":[124],"including":[125],"use":[127],"jamming":[129],"signals,":[130],"Selection":[131],"Combining":[132,137],"(SC),":[133],"Maximal":[135],"Ratio":[136],"(MRC)":[138],"enhance":[140],"confidentiality":[142],"transmitted":[145],"information.":[146],"We":[147],"derive":[148],"exact":[149],"analytical":[150],"expressions":[151],"Secrecy":[154],"Outage":[155],"Probability":[156],"(SOP)":[157],"validate":[159],"theoretical":[161],"results":[162,169],"through":[163],"Monte":[164],"Carlo":[165],"simulations.":[166],"simulation":[168],"demonstrate":[170],"significant":[172],"performance":[173],"improvement,":[174],"revealing":[175],"intricate":[177],"trade-offs":[178],"between":[179],"energy":[180],"efficiency":[181],"security.":[183],"future":[185],"work,":[186],"we":[187],"intend":[188],"explore":[190],"integration":[192],"AI-driven":[194],"adaptive":[195],"protocols":[197],"blockchain-based":[199],"authentication":[200],"mechanisms":[201],"further":[203],"fortify":[204],"in":[207],"next-generation":[208],"networks.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
